论文标题
描述图,矩阵 - 功率稳定和多态性的图形同构
Description Graphs, Matrix-Power Stabilizations and Graph Isomorphism in Polynomial Time
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项工作中证实,可以在多项式时间内测试图形同构,这在计算理论中解决了一个长期存在的问题。贡献分为三个阶段,如下。 1。描述图$ \ tilde {a} $引入给定图$ a $,以便标签$ \ tilde {a} $的顶点和边缘,表示在$ a $ a $ a $ a $的顶点之间的任何长度的相同或不同数量的步行。然后开发三个过程以获取描述图。它们揭示了矩阵功率,光谱分解和伴随矩阵之间的关系,这具有独立的兴趣。 2。我们表明,描述图的稳定化可以通过矩阵 - 功率稳定化实现,这是一种区分顶点和边缘的新方法。该方法被证明是在将顶点分配给Weisfeiler-Lehman(简称WL)过程中等效的。特定的正方形和替代过程(SAS)过程比WL过程更简洁。证明我们稳定图的顶点分区被证明是\ emph {强烈}公平分区,这在我们的主要结论的证据中很重要。还探索了稳定图上的一些属性。 3。提出了一类名为绑定图的图形,并证明是图形均形完整。绑定图的稳定图的顶点分区是自动形态分区,它使我们能够确认图形呈晶状体问题是复杂性类别$ \ mathtt {p} $。由于与图形的绑定图在构造中非常简单,因此我们可以在实践中很容易应用我们的方法。提供了一些示例作为上下文的说明,并在附录中提供了SAS流程实施的简要建议。
It is confirmed in this work that the graph isomorphism can be tested in polynomial time, which resolves a longstanding problem in the theory of computation. The contributions are in three phases as follows. 1. A description graph $\tilde{A}$ to a given graph $A$ is introduced so that labels to vertices and edges of $\tilde{A}$ indicate the identical or different amounts of walks of any sort in any length between vertices in $A$. Three processes are then developed to obtain description graphs. They reveal relations among matrix power, spectral decomposition and adjoint matrices, which is of independent interest. 2. We show that the stabilization of description graphs can be implemented via matrix-power stabilization, a new approach to distinguish vertices and edges to graphs. The approach is proven to be equivalent in the partition of vertices to Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL for short) process. The specific Square-and-Substitution (SaS) process is more succinct than WL process. The vertex partitions to our stable graphs are proven to be \emph{strongly} equitable partitions, which is important in the proofs of our main conclusion. Some properties on stable graphs are also explored. 3. A class of graphs named binding graphs is proposed and proven to be graph-isomorphism complete. The vertex partition to the stable graph of a binding graph is the automorphism partition, which allows us to confirm graph-isomorphism problem is in complexity class $\mathtt{P}$. Since the binding graph to a graph is so simple in construction, our approach can be readily applied in practice. Some examples are supplied as illustrations to the contexts, and a brief suggestion to implementation of SaS process is also given in the appendix.