论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Phase Transitions and Criticality in the Collective Behavior of Animals -- Self-organization and biological function
论文作者
论文摘要
动物群体表现出的集体行为，例如鱼类学校，鸟类羊群或昆虫群，是生物学中自组织的引人入胜的例子。统计物理学的概念和方法已被用来从理论上论证集体效应在这种生活系统中的潜在后果。特别是，已经提出，此类集体系统应接近相转换，特别是（伪）临界点，以优化其集体计算的能力。在本章中，我们将首先回顾动物集体展示的相关相位过渡，并指出将概念从统计物理学应用于生物系统的困难。然后，我们将讨论有关“关键性假设”的当前研究状态，包括如何测量与临界性和特定功能后果的距离的方法。我们将重点介绍一种新兴观点，即脱颖而出，强调正好在临界点的最佳性，而是探讨了生命系统能够调整与批判性最佳距离的潜在好处。我们将通过在物理学和生物学界面上提出研究集体行为的未来挑战来结束。
Collective behaviors exhibited by animal groups, such as fish schools, bird flocks, or insect swarms are fascinating examples of self-organization in biology. Concepts and methods from statistical physics have been used to argue theoretically about the potential consequences of collective effects in such living systems. In particular, it has been proposed that such collective systems should operate close to a phase transition, specifically a (pseudo-)critical point, in order to optimize their capability for collective computation. In this chapter, we will first review relevant phase transitions exhibited by animal collectives, pointing out the difficulties of applying concepts from statistical physics to biological systems. Then we will discuss the current state of research on the "criticality hypothesis", including methods for how to measure distance from criticality and specific functional consequences for animal groups operating near a phase transition. We will highlight the emerging view that de-emphasizes the optimality of being exactly at a critical point and instead explores the potential benefits of living systems being able to tune to an optimal distance from criticality. We will close by laying out future challenges for studying collective behavior at the interface of physics and biology.
