论文标题
Metasurfaces设计及其应用的机器学习
Machine Learning for Metasurfaces Design and Their Applications
论文作者
论文摘要
元整日(MTSS)越来越多地随着能力技术的需求而越来越多,可以满足对多功能,小型,高效,可重新配置,可调和低成本的射频(RF)组件的需求,因为它们能够通过修改的边界在亚波范围内操纵波的波长。它们可以设计适应性的无线通道和智能无线电环境的可重构智能表面(RISS)的设计,其中无线环境的固有随机性转换为可编程的繁殖传播通道。特别是,目前正在研究具有严格辐射要求的通信和雷达等空间有限的RF应用程序,以进行潜在的RIS部署。 RIS包括独立控制,其几何形状和材料决定RIS的光谱响应的次波长单元或元原子。通常,设计RI来产生所需的EM响应,需要通过迭代地通过数千个全波EM模拟进行各种几何形状和材料的可能性来进行反复试验。在这种情况下,机器/深度学习(ML/DL)技术对于减少RIS逆设计的计算成本和时间至关重要。 DL模型没有明确求解麦克斯韦方程,而是通过监督培训数据来学习基于物理的关系。 ML/DL技术还有助于用于众多无线应用程序的RIS部署,这需要处理基站(BS)和用户之间的多个通道链接。结果,BS和RIS波束形成器需要一个关节设计,其中RIS元素必须快速重新配置。本章为反RIS设计和RIS辅助无线系统提供了DL技术的概述。
Metasurfaces (MTSs) are increasingly emerging as enabling technologies to meet the demands for multi-functional, small form-factor, efficient, reconfigurable, tunable, and low-cost radio-frequency (RF) components because of their ability to manipulate waves in a sub-wavelength thickness through modified boundary conditions. They enable the design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for adaptable wireless channels and smart radio environments, wherein the inherently stochastic nature of the wireless environment is transformed into a programmable propagation channel. In particular, space-limited RF applications, such as communications and radar, that have strict radiation requirements are currently being investigated for potential RIS deployment. The RIS comprises sub-wavelength units or meta-atoms, which are independently controlled and whose geometry and material determine the spectral response of the RIS. Conventionally, designing RIS to yield the desired EM response requires trial and error by iteratively investigating a large possibility of various geometries and materials through thousands of full-wave EM simulations. In this context, machine/deep learning (ML/DL) techniques are proving critical in reducing the computational cost and time of RIS inverse design. Instead of explicitly solving Maxwell's equations, DL models learn physics-based relationships through supervised training data. The ML/DL techniques also aid in RIS deployment for numerous wireless applications, which requires dealing with multiple channel links between the base station (BS) and the users. As a result, the BS and RIS beamformers require a joint design, wherein the RIS elements must be rapidly reconfigured. This chapter provides a synopsis of DL techniques for both inverse RIS design and RIS-assisted wireless systems.