论文标题
驱动的两州系统中的热量波动：应用于单电子盒，具有超导间隙
Fluctuations of Heat in Driven Two-State Systems: Application to Single-Electron Box with Superconducting Gap
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用轨迹平均来表明驱动的两态系统的非平衡能量状态过渡中消散的能量可以满足波动散失的关系。由外部驾驶引起的平均能量耗散与其对平衡的波动在绝热近似方案中得以保留。我们使用该方案在慢速驾驶状态下获得具有超导导线的单电子盒的热统计数据，在这种情况下，消散的热量正态分布，并以相对较高的可能性从环境中提取而不是消散。我们还讨论了驱动两国过渡的热量波动关系。
We use trajectory averaging to show that the energy dissipated in the nonequilibrium energy-state transitions of a driven two-state system satisfies a fluctuation-dissipation relation. This connection between the average energy dissipation induced by external driving and its fluctuations about equilibrium is preserved by an adiabatic approximation scheme. We use this scheme to obtain the heat statistics of a single-electron box with superconducting leads in the slow-driving regime, where the dissipated heat becomes normally distributed with a relatively high probability to be extracted from the environment rather than dissipated. We also discuss heat fluctuation relations for driven two-state transitions.
