论文标题
新兴的无标度网络
Emergent scale-free networks
论文作者
论文摘要
许多复杂的系统 - 从社会和通信网络到生物网络和互联网 - 都认为可以表现出无规模的结构。但是，普遍的解释取决于新节点的不断添加，这一假设在某些现实世界中急剧失败。在这里，我们提出了一个模型，其中允许节点死亡，并在优先和随机附着的混合物下重新排列它们的连接。通过这些简单的动力学，我们表明网络对无尺度结构进行自组织，并具有幂律指数$γ= 1 + \ frac {1} {p} {p} $仅取决于优先（而不是随机）附件的比例$ p $。将我们的模型应用于多个真实的网络，我们直接从数据中推断出$ p $，并预测网络大小和学位异质性之间的关系。总之，这些结果表明，在恒定大小和密度的网络中可以自然地出现无规模的结构，这对复杂系统的结构和功能具有广泛的影响。
Many complex systems--from social and communication networks to biological networks and the Internet--are thought to exhibit scale-free structure. However, prevailing explanations rely on the constant addition of new nodes, an assumption that fails dramatically in some real-world settings. Here, we propose a model in which nodes are allowed to die, and their connections rearrange under a mixture of preferential and random attachment. With these simple dynamics, we show that networks self-organize towards scale-free structure, with a power-law exponent $γ= 1 + \frac{1}{p}$ that depends only on the proportion $p$ of preferential (rather than random) attachment. Applying our model to several real networks, we infer $p$ directly from data, and predict the relationship between network size and degree heterogeneity. Together, these results establish that realistic scale-free structure can emerge naturally in networks of constant size and density, with broad implications for the structure and function of complex systems.
