论文标题
量子错误缓解
Quantum Error Mitigation
论文作者
论文摘要
为了使量子计算机成功地解决现实世界中的问题，有必要应对噪声的挑战：由于不需要或不完美的相互作用而导致基本物理组件中发生的错误。量子容错的理论可以长期提供答案，但是在即将到来的“ NISQ”机器时代，我们必须寻求减轻错误而不是完全消除错误。这篇综述调查了已提出的用于减轻量子错误的多种方法，评估其原则上的功效，然后描述迄今为止所获得的硬件演示。我们确定方法之间的共同点和局限性，并指出如何根据存在的主要噪声类型（包括算法错误）选择缓解方法。确定了该领域的开放问题，我们讨论了实现基于缓解的设备的前景，这些设备可以带来量子优势并影响科学和业务。
For quantum computers to successfully solve real-world problems, it is necessary to tackle the challenge of noise: the errors which occur in elementary physical components due to unwanted or imperfect interactions. The theory of quantum fault tolerance can provide an answer in the long term, but in the coming era of `NISQ' machines we must seek to mitigate errors rather than completely remove them. This review surveys the diverse methods that have been proposed for quantum error mitigation, assesses their in-principle efficacy, and then describes the hardware demonstrations achieved to date. We identify the commonalities and limitations among the methods, noting how mitigation methods can be chosen according to the primary type of noise present, including algorithmic errors. Open problems in the field are identified and we discuss the prospects for realising mitigation-based devices that can deliver quantum advantage with an impact on science and business.
