论文标题

在(简单)决策树等级

On (Simple) Decision Tree Rank

论文作者

Dahiya, Yogesh, Mahajan, Meena

论文摘要

在布尔函数的决策树计算模型中,深度对应于查询复杂性,大小对应于存储空间。深度度量是最深入的量度,并且已知与多个非计算复杂性量度(例如证书复杂性)的多项式相关。还研究了尺寸度量,但程度较小。另一个受到关注的决策树测量是决策树的最低等级,这是Ehrenfeucht和Haussler于1989年首次引入的。该措施与大小的对数密切相关,但与深度无关,但可以揭示有关功能复杂性的其他信息。它的特征是Pudlák和Impagliazzo在类似树状的分辨率证明的背景下首先提出的供体拖延游戏的价值。在本文中,我们进一步研究了这项措施。我们在等级和傅立叶稀疏性方面获得了深度的上限。我们以证书复杂性的(变体)来获得等级的上限和下限。我们还根据外部函数的深度和内部函数等级的级别上的上限和下限。这使我们能够轻松地恢复已知的要求是迭代和或迭代3位多数的对数上的已知渐近下限。我们准确地计算出几种自然功能的等级,并使用它们表明我们获得的所有界限都很紧。我们还表明,在简单的决策树模型中排名可用于在更通用的结合性决策树模型中绑定查询复杂性或深度。最后,我们改善了部落功能的已知大小的下限,并得出结论,在埃伦费赫特(Ehrenfeucht)和豪斯勒(Haussler)获得的决策树的尺寸级关系中,部落的上限渐近紧密。

In the decision tree computation model for Boolean functions, the depth corresponds to query complexity, and size corresponds to storage space. The depth measure is the most well-studied one, and is known to be polynomially related to several non-computational complexity measures of functions such as certificate complexity. The size measure is also studied, but to a lesser extent. Another decision tree measure that has received very little attention is the minimal rank of the decision tree, first introduced by Ehrenfeucht and Haussler in 1989. This measure is closely related to the logarithm of the size, but is not polynomially related to depth, and hence it can reveal additional information about the complexity of a function. It is characterised by the value of a Prover-Delayer game first proposed by Pudlák and Impagliazzo in the context of tree-like resolution proofs. In this paper we study this measure further. We obtain an upper bound on depth in terms of rank and Fourier sparsity. We obtain upper and lower bounds on rank in terms of (variants of) certificate complexity. We also obtain upper and lower bounds on the rank for composed functions in terms of the depth of the outer function and the rank of the inner function. This allow us to easily recover known asympotical lower bounds on logarithm of the size for Iterated AND-OR and Iterated 3-bit Majority. We compute the rank exactly for several natural functions and use them to show that all the bounds we have obtained are tight. We also show that rank in the simple decision tree model can be used to bound query complexity, or depth, in the more general conjunctive decision tree model. Finally, we improve upon the known size lower bound for the Tribes function and conclude that in the size-rank relationship for decision trees, obtained by Ehrenfeucht and Haussler, the upper bound for Tribes is asymptotically tight.

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