论文标题
分割较低注释成本的大型结构的部分注释
Partial annotations for the segmentation of large structures with low annotation cost
论文作者
论文摘要
深度学习方法已被证明可以有效地分割医学成像中的结构和病理。但是,它们需要大量注释的数据集,其手动分割是一项繁琐且耗时的任务,尤其是对于大型结构而言。我们提出了一种新的部分注释方法,该方法使用每次扫描中的一小部分连续注释切片,并以注释工作仅等于很少的注释情况。具有部分注释的培训是通过仅使用带注释的块进行的,将有关切片的信息包含在感兴趣的结构之外,并修改批处理损失函数以仅考虑带注释的切片。为了促进低数据制度的培训,我们使用了两步优化过程。我们以两个MRI序列Trufi和Fiesta的流行软骰子损失测试了该方法,并将完整的注释方案与部分注释与类似的注释工作进行了比较。对于TRUFI数据,与完整的注释相比,部分注释的使用平均表现稍好,而骰子得分从0.936提高到0.942,并且骰子分数的标准偏差(STD)大幅下降22%,平均对称表面距离(ASSD)提高了15%。对于嘉年华序列,部分注释的骰子得分和ASSD指标的STD也分别降低了27.5%和33%,分别分发数据的数据分别降低了33%,并且在分发数据外的平均绩效平均绩效,将骰子分数的平均绩效从0.84降低到0.9,并从7.46至4.46至4.01mmmmm。两步优化过程有助于部分注释分别分配和分布数据。因此,建议使用两步优化器的部分注释方法在低数据制度下提高分割性能。
Deep learning methods have been shown to be effective for the automatic segmentation of structures and pathologies in medical imaging. However, they require large annotated datasets, whose manual segmentation is a tedious and time-consuming task, especially for large structures. We present a new method of partial annotations that uses a small set of consecutive annotated slices from each scan with an annotation effort that is equal to that of only few annotated cases. The training with partial annotations is performed by using only annotated blocks, incorporating information about slices outside the structure of interest and modifying a batch loss function to consider only the annotated slices. To facilitate training in a low data regime, we use a two-step optimization process. We tested the method with the popular soft Dice loss for the fetal body segmentation task in two MRI sequences, TRUFI and FIESTA, and compared full annotation regime to partial annotations with a similar annotation effort. For TRUFI data, the use of partial annotations yielded slightly better performance on average compared to full annotations with an increase in Dice score from 0.936 to 0.942, and a substantial decrease in Standard Deviations (STD) of Dice score by 22% and Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD) by 15%. For the FIESTA sequence, partial annotations also yielded a decrease in STD of the Dice score and ASSD metrics by 27.5% and 33% respectively for in-distribution data, and a substantial improvement also in average performance on out-of-distribution data, increasing Dice score from 0.84 to 0.9 and decreasing ASSD from 7.46 to 4.01 mm. The two-step optimization process was helpful for partial annotations for both in-distribution and out-of-distribution data. The partial annotations method with the two-step optimizer is therefore recommended to improve segmentation performance under low data regime.