论文标题
耦合和非凸市场的最佳结果:理论和应用到电力市场
Pricing Optimal Outcomes in Coupled and Non-Convex Markets: Theory and Applications to Electricity Markets
论文作者
论文摘要
根据福利经济学的基本定理,任何竞争平衡都是帕累托有效的。不幸的是,竞争平衡价格仅在诸如完全可分配的商品和凸面偏好之类的强大假设下存在。在许多现实世界中,参与者都有非凸面偏好,分配问题需要考虑复杂的限制。电力市场是一个很好的例子,但是在许多现实世界中出现了类似的问题,这导致了市场设计的文献越来越多。电力市场根据当今放松分配问题的双重分配问题使用启发式定价规则。随着可再生能源水平的增加,这些规则受到了审查,因为它们导致了一些参与者的销售额外付费,并且不足以交通拥堵信号。我们表明,现有的定价启发式方法优化了可能矛盾的特定设计目标。权衡可能是实质性的,我们确定定价规则的设计从根本上是一个多目标优化问题,解决了不同的激励措施。除了使用个人目标权衡的传统多目标优化技术外,我们还引入了一项新颖的无参数定价规则,该规则最大程度地减少了市场参与者在本地偏离的激励措施。我们的理论和实验性发现表明,新定价规则如何利用当今审查的现有定价规则的优势。它导致价格低廉的付款,同时提供充足的拥塞信号和损失的机会成本。我们建议的定价规则不需要权衡目标,它在计算上是可扩展的,并且以原则性的方式平衡了权衡取舍,从而解决了电力市场中重要的政策问题。
According to the fundamental theorems of welfare economics, any competitive equilibrium is Pareto efficient. Unfortunately, competitive equilibrium prices only exist under strong assumptions such as perfectly divisible goods and convex preferences. In many real-world markets, participants have non-convex preferences and the allocation problem needs to consider complex constraints. Electricity markets are a prime example, but similar problems appear in many real-world markets, which has led to a growing literature in market design. Power markets use heuristic pricing rules based on the dual of a relaxed allocation problem today. With increasing levels of renewables, these rules have come under scrutiny as they lead to high out-of-market side-payments to some participants and to inadequate congestion signals. We show that existing pricing heuristics optimize specific design goals that can be conflicting. The trade-offs can be substantial, and we establish that the design of pricing rules is fundamentally a multi-objective optimization problem addressing different incentives. In addition to traditional multi-objective optimization techniques using weighing of individual objectives, we introduce a novel parameter-free pricing rule that minimizes incentives for market participants to deviate locally. Our theoretical and experimental findings show how the new pricing rule capitalizes on the upsides of existing pricing rules under scrutiny today. It leads to prices that incur low make-whole payments while providing adequate congestion signals and low lost opportunity costs. Our suggested pricing rule does not require weighing of objectives, it is computationally scalable, and balances trade-offs in a principled manner, addressing an important policy issue in electricity markets.