论文标题
复杂的火山口通过倾斜影响对地球和月亮的影响
Complex crater formation by oblique impacts on the Earth and Moon
论文作者
论文摘要
几乎所有的陨石撞击都以倾斜的入射角发生，但是撞击角对火山口大小的影响尚不清楚，尤其是对于大型陨石坑而言。为了改善倾斜攻击火山口缩放，我们在一系列撞击角度，速度和影响器大小的范围内提出了一系列对地球和月球复杂形成的模拟。我们表明，火山口直径比现有的缩放关系所预测的倾斜影响要大，并且对45 $^{\ circ} $陡峭的影响几乎没有对倾斜的依赖。火山口深度，体积和直径以不同的方式取决于冲击角度，从而形成了相对较浅的陨石坑，以更倾斜的影响形成。我们的仿真结果对如何从影响器种群确定火山口种群和反之亦然具有影响。我们的结果表明，现有的方法来解释倾斜的影响可能会低估大于给定尺寸的火山口的数量多达40％。
Almost all meteorite impacts occur at oblique incidence angles, but the effect of impact angle on crater size is not well understood, especially for large craters. To improve oblique impact crater scaling, we present a suite of simulations of complex crater formation on Earth and the Moon over a range of impact angles, velocities and impactor sizes. We show that crater diameter is larger than predicted by existing scaling relationships for oblique impacts and for impacts steeper than 45$^{\circ}$ shows little dependence on obliquity. Crater depth, volume and diameter depend on impact angle in different ways such that relatively shallower craters are formed by more oblique impacts. Our simulation results have implications for how crater populations are determined from impactor populations and vice-versa. Our results suggest that existing approaches to account for impact obliquity may underestimate the number of craters larger than a given size by as much as 40%.
