论文标题
了解时间序列异常检测模型的对抗脆弱性
Towards an Awareness of Time Series Anomaly Detection Models' Adversarial Vulnerability
论文作者
论文摘要
时间序列异常检测在统计,经济学和计算机科学中进行了广泛的研究。多年来,使用基于深度学习的方法为时间序列异常检测提出了许多方法。这些方法中的许多方法都在基准数据集上表明了最先进的性能,给人一种错误的印象,即这些系统在许多实用和工业现实世界中都可以稳健且可部署。在本文中,我们证明了最先进的异常检测方法的性能通过仅在传感器数据中添加小的对抗扰动来大大降低。我们使用不同的评分指标,例如预测错误,异常和分类分数,这些分类得分从航空航天应用,服务器机器到发电厂的网络物理系统等几个公共和私人数据集。在快速梯度标志方法(FGSM)和预计的梯度下降(PGD)方法的众所周知的对抗性攻击下,我们证明,最新的深层神经网络(DNN)和图形神经网络(GNNS)方法,这些方法声称对障碍并可能在现实生活中既有型号,又可能像他们的现实生活中一样,并且已经像他们的现实生活中一样效果。就我们的理解,我们首次证明了针对对抗攻击的异常检测系统的脆弱性。这项研究的总体目标是提高对时间序列异常检测器的对抗性脆弱性的认识。
Time series anomaly detection is extensively studied in statistics, economics, and computer science. Over the years, numerous methods have been proposed for time series anomaly detection using deep learning-based methods. Many of these methods demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets, giving the false impression that these systems are robust and deployable in many practical and industrial real-world scenarios. In this paper, we demonstrate that the performance of state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods is degraded substantially by adding only small adversarial perturbations to the sensor data. We use different scoring metrics such as prediction errors, anomaly, and classification scores over several public and private datasets ranging from aerospace applications, server machines, to cyber-physical systems in power plants. Under well-known adversarial attacks from Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) methods, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) and graph neural networks (GNNs) methods, which claim to be robust against anomalies and have been possibly integrated in real-life systems, have their performance drop to as low as 0%. To the best of our understanding, we demonstrate, for the first time, the vulnerabilities of anomaly detection systems against adversarial attacks. The overarching goal of this research is to raise awareness towards the adversarial vulnerabilities of time series anomaly detectors.