论文标题

单个往返层次构建奥拉姆通过简洁的索引

Single Round-trip Hierarchical ORAM via Succinct Indices

论文作者

Holland, William, Ohrimenko, Olga, Wirth, Anthony

论文摘要

访问存储数据的模式远程创建一个侧渠道,即使数据的内容加密,也已知会泄漏信息。为了防止访问模式泄漏,Oblevious RAM是一个加密原始的原始性,它以额外的访问和定期进行服务器内容的方式掩盖了(实际)访问跟踪。一类称为层次奥拉姆的Oram解决方案在理论上\ emph {optimal}对数带宽开销。但是,迄今为止,层次的奥兰仅被视为理论文物。这是因为他们需要大量的通信往返来在服务器上找到(洗牌)元素,并涉及复杂的构建块,例如杜鹃哈希表。 为了解决实践中层次ORAM计划的局限性,我们介绍了Oram;第一个可以用单个通信往返数据检索数据的层次结构奥拉姆(与以前的工作中的对数相比)。为了支持非相互交流,我们引入了一个\ emph {compresse}客户端数据结构,该数据结构隐含地存储了服务器中每个元素的位置。此外,此位置元数据启用了一种简单的协议设计,该设计消除了需要复杂的杜鹃屁股表。 等级ORAM需要比现有的(非层次)最先进的实用ORAM方案(例如RING ORAM)的渐近内存,同时保持可比的带宽性能。我们对实际网络文件系统跟踪的实验表明,针对现有方法,客户存储器的减少为$ 100 $。例如,当{外包}一个$ 17.5 $ tb的数据库时,所需的客户记忆仅为$ 290 $ MB,而标准方法的$ 40 $ GB。

Access patterns to data stored remotely create a side channel that is known to leak information even if the content of the data is encrypted. To protect against access pattern leakage, Oblivious RAM is a cryptographic primitive that obscures the (actual) access trace at the expense of additional access and periodic shuffling of the server's contents. A class of ORAM solutions, known as Hierarchical ORAM, has achieved theoretically \emph{optimal} logarithmic bandwidth overhead. However, to date, Hierarchical ORAMs are seen as only theoretical artifacts. This is because they require a large number of communication round-trips to locate (shuffled) elements at the server and involve complex building blocks such as cuckoo hash tables. To address the limitations of Hierarchical ORAM schemes in practice, we introduce Rank ORAM; the first Hierarchical ORAM that can retrieve data with a single round-trip of communication (as compared to a logarithmic number in previous work). To support non-interactive communication, we introduce a \emph{compressed} client-side data structure that stores, implicitly, the location of each element at the server. In addition, this location metadata enables a simple protocol design that dispenses with the need for complex cuckoo hash tables. Rank ORAM requires asymptotically smaller memory than existing (non-Hierarchical) state-of-the-art practical ORAM schemes (e.g., Ring ORAM) while maintaining comparable bandwidth performance. Our experiments on real network file-system traces demonstrate a reduction in client memory, against existing approaches, of a factor of~$100$. For example, when {outsourcing} a database of $17.5$TB, required client-memory is only $290$MB vs. $40$GB for standard approaches.

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