论文标题

非局部性作为BCS超导体的纯量子动力学来源

Nonlocality as the source of purely quantum dynamics of BCS superconductors

论文作者

Zabalo, Aidan, Wu, Ang-Kun, Pixley, J. H., Yuzbashyan, Emil A.

论文摘要

我们表明,远离平衡超导性的经典(平均场)描述在局部可观察物的热力学限制中是精确的,但分解了全球数量,例如纠缠熵或Loschmidt Echo。我们通过解决并比较BCS超导体的精确量子和精确的经典长期动力学来做到这一点,并具有相互作用强度与时间成反比的相互作用强度并明确评估局部可观察物。对于热力学极限,正常和异常平均(超导顺序)都是精确的。但是,对于异常的预期值,该极限并不能以绝热且强的耦合极限通勤,因此,它们的量子波动可能异常强。该系统的长期稳态是一种无间隙的超导体,其超流体性能仅通过能量分辨的测量才能获得。该状态是非热的,但符合新兴的广义吉布斯合奏。我们的研究阐明了对称性破碎的多体状态在平衡中和均衡中的性质,并填补了时间依赖性的量子可集成性理论的关键空白。

We show that the classical (mean-field) description of far from equilibrium superconductivity is exact in the thermodynamic limit for local observables but breaks down for global quantities, such as the entanglement entropy or Loschmidt echo. We do this by solving for and comparing exact quantum and exact classical long-time dynamics of a BCS superconductor with interaction strength inversely proportional to time and evaluating local observables explicitly. Mean field is exact for both normal and anomalous averages (superconducting order) in the thermodynamic limit. However, for anomalous expectation values, this limit does not commute with adiabatic and strong coupling limits and, as a consequence, their quantum fluctuations can be unusually strong. The long-time steady state of the system is a gapless superconductor whose superfluid properties are only accessible through energy resolved measurements. This state is nonthermal but conforms to an emergent generalized Gibbs ensemble. Our study clarifies the nature of symmetry-broken many-body states in and out of equilibrium and fills a crucial gap in the theory of time-dependent quantum integrability.

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