论文标题
CT或P问题以及对称的损失效率解决方案
CT or P Problem and Symmetric Gapped Fermion Solution
论文作者
论文摘要
在二维时空中的玩具模型中确定了类似的“强CP问题”：一般的1+1d Abelian U（1）无异常的手性手法和手性仪表理论，具有通用的theta Instata Instanton Term $ \ \\fracθ{2ππ}} \ int f $。仅theta术语就违反了电荷连接时间 - 反转CT和平等p离散对称性。这里的类似难题是1+1D中的CT或P问题：为什么出于自然原因，$ \barθ$角（包括$θ$的效果和质量矩阵的效果和质量矩阵的复杂阶段）是零或小的？我们表明，可以通过对称的质量产生机制来解决此CT或P问题（SMG，即在保留无异常的对称性的同时产生质量或能量差距）。这个1+1D玩具模型模仿了3+1D标准模型的几个功能：手性物质内容，限制和Anderson-Higgs诱导的Yukawa-Higgs术语。一种解决方案取代了某些手性费米恩的希格斯诱导的平均场质量，用SMG诱导的非均值场质量。 Another solution enriches this toy model by introducing several new physics beyond the Standard Model: a parity-reflection PR discrete symmetry maps between the chiral and mirror fermions as fermion doubling localized on two domain walls at high energy, and SMG dynamically generates mass to the mirror fermion while still preserving the anomaly-free chiral symmetry at an intermediate energy scale, much before the Higgs mechanism generates mass to the较低能量的手性费米恩。在没有一般性的情况下，可以说是最简单的1+1D U（1）对称性无异常的手性费米/仪表理论（例如，具有$ 3_l $ - $ 4_L $ -4_L $ - $ 5_R $ - $ 5_R $ - $ 0_R $ U（1）费用的Weyl fermions已得到证明。与位于（准长范围）超级流相中的Peccei-Quinn溶液相反，我们的解决方案与SMG绝缘体失调相位的Peccei-Quinn溶液相比，与超级流体 - 绝缘体或订购量量子相变相似。
An analogous "Strong CP problem" is identified in a toy model in 2-dimensional spacetime: a general 1+1d abelian U(1) anomaly-free chiral fermion and chiral gauge theory with a generic theta instanton term $\fracθ{2 π} \int F$. The theta term alone violates the charge-conjugation-time-reversal CT and the parity P discrete symmetries. The analogous puzzle here is the CT or P problem in 1+1d: Why can the $\barθ$ angle (including the effect of $θ$ and the complex phase of a mass matrix) be zero or small for a natural reason? We show that this CT or P problem can be solved by a Symmetric Mass Generation mechanism (SMG, namely generating a mass or energy gap while preserving an anomaly-free symmetry). This 1+1d toy model mimics several features of the 3+1d Standard Model: chiral matter content, confinement, and Anderson-Higgs-induced mass by Yukawa-Higgs term. One solution replaces some chiral fermion's Higgs-induced mean-field mass with SMG-induced non-mean-field mass. Another solution enriches this toy model by introducing several new physics beyond the Standard Model: a parity-reflection PR discrete symmetry maps between the chiral and mirror fermions as fermion doubling localized on two domain walls at high energy, and SMG dynamically generates mass to the mirror fermion while still preserving the anomaly-free chiral symmetry at an intermediate energy scale, much before the Higgs mechanism generates mass to the chiral fermion at lower energy. Without loss of generality, an arguably simplest 1+1d U(1) symmetric anomaly-free chiral fermion/gauge theory (e.g., Weyl fermions with $3_L$-$4_L$-$5_R$-$0_R$ U(1) charges) is demonstrated. As an analogy to the superfluid-insulator or order-disorder quantum phase transition, in contrast to the Peccei-Quinn solution sitting in the (quasi-long-range-order) superfluid phase, our solution is in the SMG insulator disordered phase.
