论文标题

带有基金约束的密封竞标拍卖:防止最大投标价格泄漏

A Sealed-bid Auction with Fund Binding: Preventing Maximum Bidding Price Leakage

论文作者

Chin, Kota, Emura, Keita, Omote, Kazumasa, Sato, Shingo

论文摘要

在开放式拍卖中,投标人可以知道其他竞标者的预算。因此,希望隐藏竞标价格的密封竞标拍卖是可取的。但是,在以前的密封竞标拍卖协议中,很难提供``基金结合''财产,这可以保证投标人的资金超过或等于投标价格,并且在投标人获胜时,资金被强行撤回。因此,此类协议容易受到虚假竞标的影响。作为解决方案,许多协议采用了一种简单的存款方法,在该方法中,每个出价者都将存款发送给智能合约,该合同在投标阶段之前大于或等于竞标价格。但是,此存款揭示了最高招标价格,最好隐藏此信息。 在本文中,我们提出了一项密封的竞标拍卖协议,该协议提供了资金结合特性。我们的协议不仅隐藏了竞标价格和最高招标价格,而且还可以同时提供基金约束力。为了掩盖最高竞标价格,我们要注意以下事实:将资金发送到一次地址的通常以太坊交易和交易具有相同的交易结构,而且似乎它们是无法区分的。我们讨论隐藏了多少竞标交易。我们还采用了DECO(Zhang等,CCS 2020),将数据的有效性证明是从验证者那里,其中从源中获取数据而不显示数据本身。最后,我们提供了我们的实施,该实施显示了所需的交易费用,并将其与使用简单存款方法的密封竞标拍卖协议进行了比较。

In an open-bid auction, a bidder can know the budgets of other bidders. Thus, a sealed-bid auction that hides bidding prices is desirable. However, in previous sealed-bid auction protocols, it has been difficult to provide a ``fund binding'' property, which would guarantee that a bidder has funds more than or equal to the bidding price and that the funds are forcibly withdrawn when the bidder wins. Thus, such protocols are vulnerable to false bidding. As a solution, many protocols employ a simple deposit method in which each bidder sends a deposit to a smart contract, which is greater than or equal to the bidding price, before the bidding phase. However, this deposit reveals the maximum bidding price, and it is preferable to hide this information. In this paper, we propose a sealed-bid auction protocol that provides a fund binding property. Our protocol not only hides the bidding price and a maximum bidding price, but also provides fund binding, simultaneously. For hiding the maximum bidding price, we pay attention to the fact that usual Ethereum transactions and transactions for sending funds to a one-time address have the same transaction structure, and it seems that they are indistinguishable. We discuss how much bidding transactions are hidden. We also employ DECO (Zhang et al,. CCS 2020) that proves the validity of the data to a verifier in which the data are taken from a source without showing the data itself. Finally, we give our implementation which shows transaction fees required and compare it to a sealed-bid auction protocol employing the simple deposit method.

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