论文标题

黑洞信息悖论的适度视图

A Modest View of the Black Hole Information Paradox

论文作者

Boughn, Stephen

论文摘要

30年前,约翰·普雷斯基尔(John Preskill)得出结论:“信息损失悖论可能会很好地预示基本物理学的革命”,并沉思着“可以想象,黑洞蒸发的难题预示着一场科学革命,就像导致20世纪初期量子理论形成的科学革命一样。”许多人仍然同意这项评估。另一方面,在我看来,“悖论”与物理世界无关,但充其量只是指出了两个已经不同的自然,一般相对论和量子力学的理论(数学模型)的不一致,几乎没有可疑的观察后果。信息悖论取决于纯量子状态的概念,量子力学的单位性以及Hawking的黑洞蒸发的半古典计算。我使用了上面的“最多”预选赛,因为对我而言,量子状态的概念比悖论所要求的要限制得多,而单位性不是自然的属性,而是数学模型的属性,并且已经因进行测量的过程而违反。此外,鹰的半古典计算肯定是有限的。

Thirty years ago, John Preskill concluded "that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution in fundamental physics" and mused that "Conceivably, the puzzle of black hole evaporation portends a scientific revolution as sweeping as that that led to the formulation of quantum theory in the early 20th century." Many still agree with this assessment. On the other hand, it seems to me the "paradox" has little to do with the physical world but rather, at best, simply points out the possible inconsistency of two, already disparate, theories (mathematical models) of nature, general relativity and quantum mechanics, with virtually no conceivable observational consequences. The information paradox hinges on the concepts of a pure quantum state, the unitarity of quantum mechanics, and Hawking's semi-classical calculation of black hole evaporation. I used the qualifier "at best" above because, for me, the concept of a quantum state is far more restrictive than required by the paradox while unitarity is not a property of nature but rather of a mathematical model and is already violated by the process of making a measurement. Furthermore, the semi-classical calculation of Hawking is surely of limited applicability.

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