论文标题

机器人控制的感知模型的动态选择

Dynamic Selection of Perception Models for Robotic Control

论文作者

Ghosh, Bineet, Khan, Masaad, Ashok, Adithya, Chinchali, Sandeep, Duggirala, Parasara Sridhar

论文摘要

机器人感知模型,例如深神经网络(DNN),正在变得越来越强烈,并且有几种模型正在以准确性和延迟权衡进行培训。但是,现代的延迟准确性在很大程度上报告了单步视觉任务的平均准确性,但是几乎没有工作表明在机器人技术中为多步控制任务调用哪种模型。多步决策制定的主要挑战是在正确的时间使用正确的模型来完成给定的任务。也就是说,以最低控制成本和最小的感知时间完成任务是逃亡者。这被称为模型选择问题。在这项工作中,我们精确地解决了为多步控制的正确感知模型序列的问题。换句话说,我们通过将其作为多目标优化问题来平衡控制成本和感知时间,为模型选择问题提供了一种最佳的解决方案。从我们的解决方案中获得的关键见解是,感知模型的差异如何(不仅是平均准确性)对于多步决策制定,并展示如何将多样化的感知模型用作节能机器人技术的原始性。此外,我们在使用AirSim中的Visual导航中展示了我们对照片真实的无人机着陆模拟的方法。使用我们提出的政策,我们的控制成本比其他竞争基准少了38.04%,感知时间少79.1%。

Robotic perception models, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), are becoming more computationally intensive and there are several models being trained with accuracy and latency trade-offs. However, modern latency accuracy trade-offs largely report mean accuracy for single-step vision tasks, but there is little work showing which model to invoke for multi-step control tasks in robotics. The key challenge in a multi-step decision making is to make use of the right models at right times to accomplish the given task. That is, the accomplishment of the task with a minimum control cost and minimum perception time is a desideratum; this is known as the model selection problem. In this work, we precisely address this problem of invoking the correct sequence of perception models for multi-step control. In other words, we provide a provably optimal solution to the model selection problem by casting it as a multi-objective optimization problem balancing the control cost and perception time. The key insight obtained from our solution is how the variance of the perception models matters (not just the mean accuracy) for multi-step decision making, and to show how to use diverse perception models as a primitive for energy-efficient robotics. Further, we demonstrate our approach on a photo-realistic drone landing simulation using visual navigation in AirSim. Using our proposed policy, we achieved 38.04% lower control cost with 79.1% less perception time than other competing benchmarks.

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