论文标题

Diverget:一种基于搜索的软件测试方法,用于深度神经网络量化评估

DiverGet: A Search-Based Software Testing Approach for Deep Neural Network Quantization Assessment

论文作者

Yahmed, Ahmed Haj, Braiek, Houssem Ben, Khomh, Foutse, Bouzidi, Sonia, Zaatour, Rania

论文摘要

量化是在嵌入式系统或手机上部署训练有素的DNN模型时,是最应用的深神经网络(DNN)压缩策略之一。这是由于其对广泛的应用和环境的简单性和适应性,而不是特定的人工智能(AI)加速器和编译器,这些加速器和编译器通常仅针对某些特定的硬件设计(例如Google Coral Edge TPU)。随着对量化的需求不断增长,确保此策略的可靠性正在成为一个关键挑战。传统的测试方法收集越来越多的真实数据以进行更好的评估,通常是不实用的,因为输入空间的尺寸很大,并且原始DNN及其量化的对应物之间的相似性很高。结果,先进的评估策略已变得至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了Diverget,这是一个基于搜索的测试框架,用于量化评估。 Diverget定义了变质关系的空间,该空间模拟了输入上的自然扭曲。然后,它最佳地探索了这些关系,以揭示不同算术精度的DNN之间的分歧。我们评估了在应用于高光谱遥感图像的最先进的DNN上的Diverget的性能。当它们越来越多地部署在气候变化研究和天文学等关键领域中,我们选择了遥感DNN。我们的结果表明,Diverget成功地挑战了已建立的量化技术的鲁棒性,以防止自然变化的数据,并胜过其最新的并发,Diffchaser,其成功率(平均)高四倍。

Quantization is one of the most applied Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression strategies, when deploying a trained DNN model on an embedded system or a cell phone. This is owing to its simplicity and adaptability to a wide range of applications and circumstances, as opposed to specific Artificial Intelligence (AI) accelerators and compilers that are often designed only for certain specific hardware (e.g., Google Coral Edge TPU). With the growing demand for quantization, ensuring the reliability of this strategy is becoming a critical challenge. Traditional testing methods, which gather more and more genuine data for better assessment, are often not practical because of the large size of the input space and the high similarity between the original DNN and its quantized counterpart. As a result, advanced assessment strategies have become of paramount importance. In this paper, we present DiverGet, a search-based testing framework for quantization assessment. DiverGet defines a space of metamorphic relations that simulate naturally-occurring distortions on the inputs. Then, it optimally explores these relations to reveal the disagreements among DNNs of different arithmetic precision. We evaluate the performance of DiverGet on state-of-the-art DNNs applied to hyperspectral remote sensing images. We chose the remote sensing DNNs as they're being increasingly deployed at the edge (e.g., high-lift drones) in critical domains like climate change research and astronomy. Our results show that DiverGet successfully challenges the robustness of established quantization techniques against naturally-occurring shifted data, and outperforms its most recent concurrent, DiffChaser, with a success rate that is (on average) four times higher.

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