论文标题
使用机器学习来改善水切伦科夫探测器中的中子识别
Using Machine Learning to Improve Neutron Identification in Water Cherenkov Detectors
论文作者
论文摘要
Super-Kamiokande等水Cherenkov探测器和下一代Hyper-Kamiokande正在向水中添加Gadolinium,以改善中子的检测。通过检测中微子相互作用中的瘦素以外的中子,可以预期中微子和抗中性氏菌之间的分离以及质子衰减搜索的背景减少。中子信号本身仍然很小,并且可以与MUON泄漏和其他背景来源混淆。在本文中,使用机器学习技术来优化Hyper-K的新中级水Cherenkov检测器(IWCD)中的中子捕获检测能力。特别是,开发并针对基于统计的可能性方法开发并基准了分类的精确度提高了10%。特征特征还可以从数据集进行设计,并使用Shap(Shapley添加说明)进行分析,以洞悉影响事件类型结果的关键因素。这项研究中使用的数据集由大约160万个模拟粒子枪事件组成,几乎均匀地划分为中子捕获和背景电子源。
Water Cherenkov detectors like Super-Kamiokande, and the next generation Hyper-Kamiokande are adding gadolinium to their water to improve the detection of neutrons. By detecting neutrons in addition to the leptons in neutrino interactions, an improved separation between neutrino and anti-neutrinos, and reduced backgrounds for proton decay searches can be expected. The neutron signal itself is still small and can be confused with muon spallation and other background sources. In this paper, machine learning techniques are employed to optimize the neutron capture detection capability in the new intermediate water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) for Hyper-K. In particular, boosted decision tree (XGBoost), graph convolutional network (GCN), and dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN) models are developed and benchmarked against a statistical likelihood-based approach, achieving up to a 10% increase in classification accuracy. Characteristic features are also engineered from the datasets and analyzed using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to provide insight into the pivotal factors influencing event type outcomes. The dataset used in this research consisted of roughly 1.6 million simulated particle gun events, divided nearly evenly between neutron capture and a background electron source.