论文标题
使用主成分分析从宇宙射线数据中提取Hale循环的组件
Extracting Hale Cycle Related Components from Cosmic-Ray Data Using Principal Component Analysis
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用几个中子监视器计数速率（使用主成分分析（PCA））分解了每月的宇宙射线数据，该数据使用了几个中子监测率。我们使用不同的循环限制显示，第一和第二个宇宙射线（CR）数据解释了Oulu CR Cycles 20-24（C20- C24）的总变化的77-79％和13-15％，73-77％和13-17％的Hermanus C20-C24变化的变化，以及74--78％和17-21％的差异。 CR循环的PC1时间序列19-24在10。95年的功率谱中只有一个峰值，这是间隔SC19-SC24的平均太阳周期。同一周期的PC2时间序列在21.90（HALE循环）和该周期的1/3时具有明显的峰值，在太阳周期期间没有峰值。我们表明，CR的PC2对于解释CR的均匀和奇数循环的强度差异至关重要。奇数循环在上半场具有正相，在其PC2的后半部分中具有负相位。这会导致循环开始时强度的降低，而对于奇数循环的最小值。相反，对于偶数循环，相反，相反，这会导致循环强度的更快减少和更快的恢复速度。结果，即使循环具有更多的峰状结构。该规则的唯一例外是循环23和24，例如前者的PC2几乎为零，并且后者的PC2与早期的奇数周期相似。这些结果通过偏度 - 毛细生作用（S-K）分析证实。此外，S-K表明，除周期21以外的其他偶数和奇数循环在回归线上，相关系数为0.85。所有计算出的八个站点中的循环21均紧凑地位于S -K坐标系中，并且比奇数周期23具有更小的偏度和更高的kurtases。
We decompose the monthly cosmic-ray data, using several neutron monitor count rates, of Cycles 19-24 with principal component analysis (PCA). We show using different cycle limits that the first and second PC of cosmic-ray (CR) data explain 77-79% and 13-15% of the total variation of the Oulu CR Cycles 20-24 (C20- C24), 73-77% and 13-17% of the variation of Hermanus C20-C24, and 74-78% and 17-21% of the Climax C19-C22, respectively. The PC1 time series of the CR Cycles 19-24 has only one peak in its power spectrum at the period 10.95 years, which is the average solar cycle period for the interval SC19-SC24. The PC2 time series of the same cycles has a clear peak at period 21.90 (Hale cycle) and another peak at 1/3 of that period with no peak at the solar cycle period. We show that the PC2 of the CR is essential in explaining the differences in the intensities of the even and odd cycles of the CR. The odd cycles have positive phase in the first half and negative phase in the second half of their PC2. This leads to slow decrease of the intensity in the beginning of the cycle and at minimum for the odd cycles. On the contrary, for the even cycles the phases are vice versa and this leads to faster decrease and more rapid recovery in the CR intensity of the cycle. As a consequence the even cycles have more peak-like structure. The only exceptions of this rule are Cycles 23 and 24 such the former has almost zero line PC2, and the latter has similar PC2 than the earlier odd cycles. These results are confirmed with skewness-kurtosis (S-K) analysis. Furthermore, S-K shows that other even and odd cycles, except Cycle 21, are on the regression line with correlation coefficient 0.85. The Cycles 21 of all calculated eight stations are compactly located in the S -K coordinate system and have smaller skewnesses and higher kurtoses than the odd Cycles 23.
