论文标题
在咸海洋或云彩气氛中潜在涡度的保护法
Conservation laws for potential vorticity in a salty ocean or cloudy atmosphere
论文作者
论文摘要
大气和海洋科学中最重要的保护法之一是保护潜在的涡度。在罗斯比（Rossby）和埃特尔（Ertel）的作品中，最初的派生大约是一个世纪的历史，它与开尔文（Kelvin）和比杰克尼斯（Bjerknes）的著名循环定理有关。但是，法律适用于理想化的流体，对更现实的场景的扩展是有问题的。在这里，这些法律延长以保持额外的基本复杂性，包括海洋中的盐度，或大气中的水分和云。在没有这些额外复杂性的情况下，已知在每个流体包裹后保持潜在的涡度。在这里，对于咸海洋或多云的气氛，一般保守的数量是在某些煎饼形体积上整合的潜在涡度。此外，保护定律也与拉格朗日语中的对称性有关，该法与在其他物理学领域中看到的对称性保存关系有联系。
One of the most important conservation laws in atmospheric and oceanic science is conservation of potential vorticity. The original derivation is approximately a century old, in the work of Rossby and Ertel, and it is related to the celebrated circulation theorems of Kelvin and Bjerknes. However, the laws apply to idealized fluids, and extensions to more realistic scenarios have been problematic. Here, these laws are extended to hold with additional fundamental complexities, including salinity in the ocean, or moisture and clouds in the atmosphere. In the absence of these additional complexities, it is known that potential vorticity is conserved following each fluid parcel; here, for a salty ocean or cloudy atmosphere, the general conserved quantity is potential vorticity integrated over certain pancake-shaped volumes. Furthermore, the conservation laws are also related to a symmetry in the Lagrangian, which brings a connection to the symmetry-conservation relationships seen in other areas of physics.
