论文标题

解决“管道泄漏”:对招募和保留妇女在计算教育中的行动的审查和分类

Addressing the "Leaky Pipeline": A Review and Categorisation of Actions to Recruit and Retain Women in Computing Education

论文作者

Berry, Alina, McKeever, Susan, Murphy, Brenda, Delany, Sarah Jane

论文摘要

计算教育中的性别失衡是全球一个众所周知的问题。 “漏水管道”一词通常用于描述妇女在高级角色晋升之前缺乏保留。近几十年来,许多举措都针对漏水管道的问题。本文对与用于促进妇女在本科计算和高等教育相关课程中招募和保留妇女的技术相关的计划进行了全面综述。主要目的是确定表现出一些有效性的干预措施或倡议(我们称为“行动”)。次要目标是将我们的发现作为分类,以实现未来的行动讨论,比较和计划。在很大一部分工作中面临的一个特殊挑战是缺乏评估:即对倡议与保留或招募结果之间的直接关系的评估。这些行动分为四组:政策,教育学,影响力,支持以及促进和参与。政策行动需要支持和在机构一级的潜在结构变化。教学法是与计算课程教学有关的举措。影响力和支持类别包括与影响妇女选择计算的方法相关的行动,并一旦入学以支持和鼓励她们留下来。最后,促进和参与行动是促进基于计算的课程并涉及参与和推广活动的举措。我们介绍我们的分类,识别与每个类别和子类别下的行动相关的文献。我们讨论了评估行动直接影响并概述这项工作如何导致下一阶段工作的挑战 - 这是促进妇女在计算本科课程中的保留和招募妇女的行动包。

Gender imbalance in computing education is a well-known issue around the world. The term "leaky pipeline" is often used to describe the lack of retention of women before they progress to senior roles. Numerous initiatives have targeted the problem of the leaky pipeline in recent decades. This paper provides a comprehensive review of initiatives related to techniques used to boost recruitment and retention of women in undergraduate computing and related courses in higher education. The primary aim was to identify interventions or initiatives (which we called "actions") that have shown some effectiveness. A secondary objective was to structure our findings as a categorisation, in order to enable future action discussion, comparison and planning. A particular challenge faced in a significant portion of the work was the lack of evaluation: i.e. the assessment of the direct relationship between the initiatives and the outcomes on retention or recruitment. The actions were categorised into four groups: Policy, Pedagogy, Influence and Support and Promotion and Engagement. Policy actions need support and potentially structural change at institution level. Pedagogy actions are initiatives related to the teaching of computing courses. The Influence and Support category includes actions associated with ways to influence women to choose computing and once enrolled to support and encourage them to stay. Finally, Promotion and Engagement actions are initiatives to promote computing based courses and involve engagement and outreach activities. We present our categorisation, identifying the literature related to actions under each category and subcategory. We discuss the challenges with evaluating the direct impact of actions and outline how this work leads towards the next phase of our work - a toolkit of actions to promote retention and recruitment of women in computing undergraduate courses.

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