论文标题

广义豌豆在pod:通过GINI指数扩展到非TTV系统的系统内质量均匀性

Generalized Peas-in-a-Pod: Extending Intra-System Mass Uniformity to Non-TTV Systems via the Gini Index

论文作者

Goyal, Armaan, Wang, Songhu

论文摘要

已经证明,属于相同近距离,紧凑的多个星际系统的行星往往在其大小上表现出明显的均匀性。还发现了类似的趋势,可以对此类行星进行质量,但是对这种系统内质量统一性的考虑通常仅限于统计样本,在统计样本中,大多数系统具有通过分析过境时机变化(TTVS)分析获得的构成行星质量测量。由于具有强烈TTV信号的系统通常位于或接近平均运动共振中,因此对于具有非TTV质量出处的非谐振系统,系统内质量均匀性是否仍然很容易出现。因此,我们在这项工作中介绍了通过径向速度(RV)测量测量的17个非TTV系统的质量均匀性分析。使用GINI指数,一种对经济不平等的共同统计数据,作为我们的主要统一度量,我们发现我们的17个非TTV系统的样本以$ \ sim 2.5σ$置信度的水平显示系统内质量均匀性。我们为此结果提供了有关可能的统计和天体物理基础的其他讨论。我们还证明了最小质量质量外星星云(MMEN)和系统质量GINI指数之间具有特征性的固体表面密度($σ_0$)之间存在相关性($ r = 0.25 $),这表明更大的磁盘通常会形成更不平等的行星质量的系统。

It has been demonstrated that planets belonging to the same close-in, compact multiple-planet system tend to exhibit a striking degree of uniformity in their sizes. A similar trend has also been found to hold for the masses of such planets, but considerations of such intra-system mass uniformity have generally been limited to statistical samples wherein a majority of systems have constituent planetary mass measurements obtained via analysis of transit timing variations (TTVs). Since systems with strong TTV signals typically lie in or near mean motion resonance, it remains to be seen whether intra-system mass uniformity is still readily emergent for non-resonant systems with non-TTV mass provenance. We thus present in this work a mass uniformity analysis of 17 non-TTV systems with masses measured via radial velocity (RV) measurements. Using the Gini index, a common statistic for economic inequality, as our primary metric for uniformity, we find that our sample of 17 non-TTV systems displays intra-system mass uniformity at a level of $\sim 2.5 σ$ confidence. We provide additional discussion of possible statistical and astrophysical underpinnings for this result. We also demonstrate the existence of a correlation ($r = 0.25$) between characteristic solid surface density ($Σ_0$) of the minimum mass extrasolar nebula (MMEN) and system mass Gini index, suggesting that more massive disks may generally form systems with more unequal planetary masses.

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