论文标题

太阳能到苏格尔钠和氧气的绝对丰度,用于绕金属恒星绕的“热土星”

Solar-to-supersolar sodium and oxygen absolute abundances for a "hot Saturn" orbiting a metal-rich star

论文作者

Nikolov, Nikolay K., Sing, David K., Spake, Jessica J., Smalley, Barry, Goyal, Jayesh M., Mikal-Evans, Thomas, Wakeford, Hannah R., Rustamkulov, Zafar, Deming, Drake, Fortney, Jonathan J., Carter, Aarynn, Gibson, Neale P., Mayne, Nathan J.

论文摘要

我们提出了对使用Hubble和Spitzer空间望远镜(HST和Spitzer)进行的无云热黄蜂的红外传输光谱的新分析。 WASP-96B光谱表现出水的吸收特征,与假设无云大气的合成光谱非常吻合。 HST Spitzer光谱与非常大的望远镜(VLT)光学传输光谱耦合,该光谱揭示了钠吸收特征的完整压力型剖面,并实现了绝对丰度的推导。我们确认并正确确认$Δr_ {\ rm p}/r _ {\ ast} =( - 4.29^{+0.31} _ { - 0.37})\,\ times1010^{ - 3} $相对于HST-Spitzer Spectrum。该偏移可以用VLT光谱的共同模式校正的假定半径来解释,VLT光谱是地面传输光谱的众所周知的特征。我们发现证据表明宿主恒星缺乏色层和光度法活性,因此对偏移产生了可忽略的贡献。我们测量了与太阳能到超极一致的Na和O的丰度,相对于$ 21^{+27} _ { - 14} $和$ 7^{+11} _ { - 4} $的太阳值相对于太阳值的丰度。我们从3.6和4.5μ$ m的Spitzer观测值中获得了新的热发射限制的补充,这是通过大气频谱随着温度降低的高度来解释的。假设等温黑体气氛的适合度限制为$ t _ {\ rm {p}} $ = $ 1545 $$ $ \ pm $$ $ 90 $ k。

We present new analysis of infrared transmission spectroscopy of the cloud-free hot-Saturn WASP-96b performed with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes (HST and Spitzer). The WASP-96b spectrum exhibits the absorption feature from water in excellent agreement with synthetic spectra computed assuming a cloud-free atmosphere. The HST-Spitzer spectrum is coupled with Very Large Telescope (VLT) optical transmission spectroscopy which reveals the full pressure-broadened profile of the sodium absorption feature and enables the derivation of absolute abundances. We confirm and correct for a spectral offset of $ΔR_{\rm p}/R_{\ast}=(-4.29^{+0.31}_{-0.37})\,\times10^{-3}$ of the VLT data relative to the HST-Spitzer spectrum. This offset can be explained by the assumed radius for the common-mode correction of the VLT spectra, which is a well-known feature of ground-based transmission spectroscopy. We find evidence for a lack of chromospheric and photometric activity of the host star which, therefore, make a negligible contribution to the offset. We measure abundances for Na and O that are consistent with solar to supersolar, with abundances relative to solar values of $21^{+27}_{-14}$ and $7^{+11}_{-4}$, respectively. We complement the transmission spectrum with new thermal emission constraints from Spitzer observations at 3.6 and $4.5μ$m, which are best explained by the spectrum of an atmosphere with a temperature decreasing with altitude. A fit to the spectrum assuming an isothermal blackbody atmosphere constrains the dayside temperature to be $T_{\rm{p}}$=$1545$$\pm$$90$K.

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