论文标题

与轶事交流

Communicating with Anecdotes

论文作者

Haghtalab, Nika, Immorlica, Nicole, Lucier, Brendan, Mobius, Markus, Mohan, Divyarthi

论文摘要

我们研究发件人和接收器之间的通信游戏。发件人选择了她关于世界状况(即轶事)的信号之一,并与接收者进行交流,后者采取了影响两个参与者的行动。发件人和接收者都关心世界状况,但也受到个人喜好的影响,因此他们的理想行动可能会有所不同。我们表征了完美的贝叶斯平衡。发件人面临说服的诱惑:她想选择一个有偏见的轶事来影响接收者的行动。轶事仍然对接收者(将以平衡为单位的Debias)提供信息,但说服的尝试是有价值的。这引起了信息同质性的信息,接收者更喜欢倾听志趣相投的发件人,因为它们提供了更高的精确信号。当发送者是具有许多信号的专家时,通信将变得两极分化,而发件人在平衡处选择极端异常轶事(除非偏好完全对齐)。当轶事分布重新尾部时,这种极化会消除与越来越明显的发件人的通信中的所有收益。因此,专家可以面对知情的诅咒:接收者将宁愿聆听不太容易选择有偏见的信号的消息人士。

We study a communication game between a sender and a receiver. The sender chooses one of her signals about the state of the world (i.e., anecdotes) and communicates to the receiver who takes an action affecting both players. The sender and the receiver both care about the state of the world but are also influenced by personal preferences, so their ideal actions can differ. We characterize perfect Bayesian equilibria. The sender faces a temptation to persuade: she wants to select a biased anecdote to influence the receiver's action. Anecdotes are still informative to the receiver (who will debias at equilibrium) but the attempt to persuade comes at a cost to precision. This gives rise to informational homophily where the receiver prefers to listen to like-minded senders because they provide higher-precision signals. Communication becomes polarized when the sender is an expert with access to many signals, with the sender choosing extreme outlier anecdotes at equilibrium (unless preferences are perfectly aligned). This polarization dissipates all gains from communication with an increasingly well-informed sender when the anecdote distribution is heavy-tailed. Experts can therefore face a curse of informedness: receivers will prefer to listen to less-informed senders who cannot pick biased signals as easily.

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