论文标题
不仅仅是能源成本：长跟腱在人步行和跑步中的多重好处
More than energy cost: Multiple benefits of the long Achilles tendon in human walking and running
论文作者
论文摘要
弹性应变能是从长长的远端肌腱（例如运动过程中的阿喀琉斯）中存储并释放的，通过最大程度地减少肌肉缩短距离和速度，从而降低运动能量成本，从而降低运动成本。但是，长长肌腱的许多其他（通常是未被认可）的优势可能具有更大的进化优势，包括较短和较轻的肌肉所提供的肢体惯性减少（减少了近端肌肉力量的需求）；在脚地面碰撞期间减少了能量耗散；储存和重用肌肉工作以抑制脚地面碰撞触发的振动的能力；以及衰减工作引起的肌肉损伤。累积地，这些影响应减少神经运动疲劳和运动努力的感觉，从而使人类选择以更快的速度移动更长的时间。由于这些优势在更快的运动速度下更大，因此它们与我们祖先使用的步态的假设一致，该假设对跟腱长度施加了强大的进化压力。
Elastic strain energy is stored and released from long, distal tendons such as the Achilles during locomotion, reducing locomotor energy cost by minimising muscle shortening distance and speed, and thus activation. However, numerous additional, often unrecognised, advantages of long tendons may speculatively be of greater evolutionary advantage, including the reduced limb inertia afforded by shorter and lighter muscles (reducing proximal muscle force requirement); reduced energy dissipation during the foot-ground collision; capacity to store and reuse the muscle work done to dampen the vibrations triggered by foot-ground collisions; and attenuation of work-induced muscle damage. Cumulatively, these effects should reduce both neuromotor fatigue and sense of locomotor effort, allowing humans to choose to move at faster speeds for longer. As these benefits are greater at faster locomotor speeds, they are consistent with the hypothesis that running gaits used by our ancestors exerted substantial evolutionary pressure on Achilles tendon length.
