论文标题
麦芽糖的提取：自由能结合并应用于开放周期发动机
Extraction of ergotropy: free energy bound and application to open cycle engines
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学的第二定律使用宏观系统的自由能的变化来对执行的工作建立限制。麦芽糖在微观场景中起着相似的作用，并定义为可以通过单一操作从系统中提取的最大能量。在此分析中，我们量化了由于系统与热浴的相互作用而在系统上可以诱导多少麦芽糖，并将其用作微观机器执行的工作来源。我们提供了可以从环境中从环境中提取的麦芽糖量的基本结合。结合是根据非平衡自由能差表示的，并且可以在系统的哈密顿量的无限尺寸的极限下饱和。对有限尺寸系统进行了数值分析，导致这种饱和的麦角拷贝提取过程进行了分析。此外，我们将麦芽糖从环境中提取的想法应用于新的中风热发动机的设计，我们将其标记为开放周期发动机。这些机器的效率和工作生产可以针对尺寸2和3的系统完全优化，并为更高的维度提供了数值分析。
The second law of thermodynamics uses change in free energy of macroscopic systems to set a bound on performed work. Ergotropy plays a similar role in microscopic scenarios, and is defined as the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from a system by a unitary operation. In this analysis, we quantify how much ergotropy can be induced on a system as a result of system's interaction with a thermal bath, with a perspective of using it as a source of work performed by microscopic machines. We provide the fundamental bound on the amount of ergotropy which can be extracted from environment in this way. The bound is expressed in terms of the non-equilibrium free energy difference and can be saturated in the limit of infinite dimension of the system's Hamiltonian. The ergotropy extraction process leading to this saturation is numerically analyzed for finite dimensional systems. Furthermore, we apply the idea of extraction of ergotropy from environment in a design of a new class of stroke heat engines, which we label open-cycle engines. Efficiency and work production of these machines can be completely optimized for systems of dimensions 2 and 3, and numerical analysis is provided for higher dimensions.
