论文标题
缓冲CS蒸气单元格中开放原子过渡的水平跨共振：线宽变窄，高对比度和对原子磁力测定法的应用
Level-crossing resonances on open atomic transitions in a buffered Cs vapor cell: Linewidth narrowing, high contrast and applications to atomic magnetometry
论文作者
论文摘要
碱金属原子蒸气中的地面汉尔效应（GSHE）使用单个圆极化波是原子磁力测定法中最强大，最简单的技术之一。这种作用在通过蒸气电池传播的光强度中引起狭窄（亚自然宽度）的共振。通常，基于GSHE的传感器在无自旋 - 淘汰（农奴）方向上运行。但是，这种状态需要相对较高的蒸气温度（150 c或更高），从而导致传感器头的热量释放和功率相对较大。此外，在不采取特殊措施的情况下，农奴制度显着限制了动态测量范围。在这里，我们研究了涉及单个椭圆极化波和极化检测技术的泵探针方案。该波与剖宫产D1线（894.6 nm）的两个相邻光学跃迁共振，这是由于它们在存在缓冲液存在下的重叠（NE，130 Torr）。使用一个小的（0.1 cm $^3 $）的玻璃蒸气电池，我们证明了在低体温（60 C）的操作中，具有高对比度宽度比（高达45％/mg）的较高对比度宽度比（高达45％/mg）的亚较宽度共振的可能性。基于原子能水平的$λ$方案，我们获得了线形的明确分析表达式。该模型揭示了由于方案的开放性而导致的线宽缩小效果。对于磁光原子光谱法而言，此结果是不寻常的，因为开放度通常被认为是不良效应，从而降低了共振特性。我们估计灵敏度为1.8 pt/$ \ surd $ hz，在光子光噪声限制中具有60 ft/$ \ surd $ hz灵敏度。结果有助于GSHE共振理论，并可以应用于具有扩展动态范围的低温高敏化磁场传感器的发展。
The ground-state Hanle effect (GSHE) in alkali-metal atomic vapors using a single circularly polarized wave underlies one of the most robust and simplest techniques in atomic magnetometry. This effect causes a narrow (subnatural-width) resonance in the light wave intensity transmitted through a vapor cell. Usually, GSHE-based sensors operate in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. However, this regime requires a relatively high temperature of vapors (150 C or higher), leading to a relatively large heat release and power consumption of the sensor head. Besides, without applying special measures, SERF regime significantly limits a dynamic range of measurements. Here, we study a pump-probe scheme involving a single elliptically polarized wave and a polarimetric detection technique. The wave is in resonance with two adjacent optical transitions in the cesium D1 line (894.6 nm) owing to their overlapping in presence of a buffer gas (Ne, 130 Torr). Using a small (0.1 cm$^3$) glass vapor cell, we demonstrate a possibility of observing subnatural-width resonances with a high contrast-to-width ratio (up to 45 %/mG) under a low-temperature (60 C) regime of operation thanks to a strong light-induced circular dichroism. Basing on a $Λ$ scheme of atomic energy levels, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the line shape. The model reveals a linewidth narrowing effect due to openness of the scheme. This result is unusual for magneto-optical atomic spectroscopy because the openness is commonly considered as a undesirable effect, degrading the resonance characteristics. We estimate a sensitivity of 1.8 pT/$\surd$Hz with a 60 fT/$\surd$Hz sensitivity in the photon-shot-noise limit. The results contribute to the theory of GSHE resonances and can be applied to development of a low-temperature high-sensitivity miniaturized magnetic field sensor with an extended dynamic range.
