论文标题
诱导的子图和树分解V.一个孔中的一个邻居
Induced subgraphs and tree decompositions V. One neighbor in a hole
论文作者
论文摘要
具有较大树宽的图形的不可避免的诱导子图是什么?众所周知,答案必须包括一个完整的图,一个完整的二分图,墙壁的所有细分以及墙壁所有细分的线图(我们将这些图称为“基本的树宽障碍物”)。因此,自然要询问图形是否不包括基本的树宽障碍物,因为诱导的子图具有有界的树宽。 Sintiari和Trotignon在负面回答了这个问题。它们的反例,所谓的“分层轮子”包含轮子,车轮由一个孔组成(即,长度至少四个诱导的循环至少四个)以及一个顶点,孔中至少有三个邻居。这导致人们询问图形是否不包括车轮和基本的树宽障碍物,因为诱导的子图具有有界的树宽。由于戴维斯(Davies)最近的图形示例较大,没有车轮,并且没有诱发子图的基本宽障碍物,因此这也是错误的。但是,在戴维斯的例子中,有两个邻居的孔和顶点(在孔外)。在这里,我们证明,一个至少有两个邻居的顶点的孔在具有较大的树宽且没有基本阻塞的图表中不可避免。我们的主要结果是,每个顶点在每个孔中最多都有一个邻居(不包含它)的图形以及基本的树宽障碍物(因为诱导的子图被排除在外)具有界限。
What are the unavoidable induced subgraphs of graphs with large treewidth? It is well-known that the answer must include a complete graph, a complete bipartite graph, all subdivisions of a wall and line graphs of all subdivisions of a wall (we refer to these graphs as the "basic treewidth obstructions"). So it is natural to ask whether graphs excluding the basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth. Sintiari and Trotignon answered this question in the negative. Their counterexamples, the so-called "layered wheels," contain wheels, where a wheel consists of a hole (i.e., an induced cycle of length at least four) along with a vertex with at least three neighbors in the hole. This leads one to ask whether graphs excluding wheels and the basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth. This also turns out to be false due to Davies' recent example of graphs with large treewidth, no wheels and and no basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs. However, in Davies' example there exist holes and vertices (outside of the hole) with two neighbors in them. Here we prove that a hole with a vertex with at least two neighbors in it is inevitable in graphs with large treewidth and no basic obstruction. Our main result is that graphs in which every vertex has at most one neighbor in every hole (that does not contain it) and with the basic treewidth obstructions excluded as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth.