论文标题
迈向实用物理信息的ML设计和电网评估
Towards Practical Physics-Informed ML Design and Evaluation for Power Grid
论文作者
论文摘要
当应用于现实世界中的关键系统(例如电网)时,通用机器学习方法会受到昂贵的培训,非物理解决方案和有限的解释性的影响。为了应对电网的这些挑战,许多最近的作品探索了将网格物理(即域专业知识)纳入其方法设计中,主要是通过包括系统限制和技术限制,减少搜索空间并在潜在空间中定义有意义的特征。然而,没有一般方法可以评估电网任务中这些方法的实用性,并且在可伸缩,概括性,可解释性等方面存在局限性。这项工作正式化了一种新的物理解释性概念,该概念评估了ML模型如何以物理意义的方式进行预测,并引入了一种评估方法,并识别属性的一组属性,使得能够满足实用方法。受评估属性的启发,本文进一步开发了一种基于条件高斯随机场的Madiot Cyberattack的新型应急分析。该方法是ML模型的实例,该模型可以结合各种领域知识并改善这些已确定的属性。实验验证了温暖的起动器显着提高了即使使用浅NN体系结构的Madiot Attack的应急分析的效率。
When applied to a real-world safety critical system like the power grid, general machine learning methods suffer from expensive training, non-physical solutions, and limited interpretability. To address these challenges for power grids, many recent works have explored the inclusion of grid physics (i.e., domain expertise) into their method design, primarily through including system constraints and technical limits, reducing search space and defining meaningful features in latent space. Yet, there is no general methodology to evaluate the practicality of these approaches in power grid tasks, and limitations exist regarding scalability, generalization, interpretability, etc. This work formalizes a new concept of physical interpretability which assesses how a ML model makes predictions in a physically meaningful way and introduces an evaluation methodology that identifies a set of attributes that a practical method should satisfy. Inspired by the evaluation attributes, the paper further develops a novel contingency analysis warm starter for MadIoT cyberattack, based on a conditional Gaussian random field. This method serves as an instance of an ML model that can incorporate diverse domain knowledge and improve on these identified attributes. Experiments validate that the warm starter significantly boosts the efficiency of contingency analysis for MadIoT attack even with shallow NN architectures.