论文标题

一维晶格中强烈的偶极气:Bloch振荡和物质波定位

Strongly dipolar gases in a one-dimensional lattice: Bloch oscillations and matter-wave localization

论文作者

Natale, G., Bland, T., Gschwendtner, S., Lafforgue, L., Grün, D. S., Patscheider, A., Mark, M. J., Ferlaino, F.

论文摘要

强偶性原子的三维量子气可以通过量子波动稳定,从稀释的气体到致密的大圆形。添加一维光学晶格会创建一个平台,在该平台中仍未探索量子波动,并且可以观察到很多新阶段。我们采用BLOCH振荡作为一种干涉量学工具来评估量子波动在一系列准二维Bose-Einstein冷凝物中的作用。当位点之间的化学电位平衡时,在一个晶格位点延伸了大词的区域时,会观察到长期的振荡。此外,我们观察到向一个定位到单个晶格平面$ - $的状态,纯粹由互动$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 由动量分布中干扰模式的消失标记。为了描述我们的观察结果,我们开发了一个离散的一维扩展的Gross-Pitaevskii理论,包括量子波动和现场波函数的变异方法。该模型与实验有定量一致,揭示了单一和多站点大圆形的存在,以及二维亮孤子的特征。

Three-dimensional quantum gases of strongly dipolar atoms can undergo a crossover from a dilute gas to a dense macrodroplet, stabilized by quantum fluctuations. Adding a one-dimensional optical lattice creates a platform where quantum fluctuations are still unexplored, and a rich variety of new phases may be observable. We employ Bloch oscillations as an interferometric tool to assess the role quantum fluctuations play in an array of quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Long-lived oscillations are observed when the chemical potential is balanced between sites, in a region where a macrodroplet is extended over several lattice sites. Further, we observe a transition to a state that is localized to a single lattice plane$-$driven purely by interactions$-$marked by the disappearance of the interference pattern in the momentum distribution. To describe our observations, we develop a discrete one-dimensional extended Gross-Pitaevskii theory, including quantum fluctuations and a variational approach for the on-site wavefunction. This model is in quantitative agreement with the experiment, revealing the existence of single and multisite macrodroplets, and signatures of a two-dimensional bright soliton.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源