论文标题
吸收强磁性中子星：X射线脉冲星
Accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars: X-ray Pulsars
论文作者
论文摘要
X射线脉冲星（XRP）在二进制系统中积聚了强磁性中子星（NSS），通常具有大量的光学伴侣。自从将第一个X射线仪器推入太空以来，非常触及的现象学和高观察到的通量使它们进入了观察和理论研究的焦点。在这种系统中，NSS的主要吸引特性是其表面的磁场强度，大约或高于$ 10^{12} \，{\ rm g} $，它比地面实验室中可实现的数量级高六个数量级。尽管大约50年前发现了积聚的XRP，但负责其性质的物理机制的细节仍在争论中。在这里，我们回顾了XRP作为基本物理学研究（血浆物理学，QED和辐射过程）的独特实验室的观察和理论研究进展，在超高磁场，高温和巨大的质量密度的极端条件下。
X-ray pulsars (XRPs) are accreting strongly magnetised neutron stars (NSs) in binary systems with, as a rule, massive optical companions. Very reach phenomenology and high observed flux put them into the focus of observational and theoretical studies since the first X-ray instruments were launched into space. The main attracting characteristic of NSs in this kind of system is the magnetic field strength at their surface, about or even higher than $10^{12}\,{\rm G}$, that is about six orders of magnitude stronger than what is attainable in terrestrial laboratories. Although accreting XRPs were discovered about 50 years ago, the details of the physical mechanisms responsible for their properties are still under debate. Here we review recent progress in observational and theoretical investigations of XRPs as a unique laboratory for studies of fundamental physics (plasma physics, QED and radiative processes) under extreme conditions of ultra-strong magnetic field, high temperature, and enormous mass density.
