论文标题
非轴伽马射线爆发余辉亮曲面的强大特征
Robust Features of Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Lightcurves
论文作者
论文摘要
超忠实的传播能源伽马射线爆发（GRB）通过与外部材料的相互作用获得角结构。它们通常以紧凑的，几乎均匀的狭窄核心（半开角度$θ_{ $θ_ {\ {ε，γ\}} = [1+θ^2/θ_{c，\ {ε，γ\}}^2]^{1/2} $）和初始的特定动能（$γ_0-1= $γ_0-1= [$γ_0-1= [γ_c-1]θ_γ^uldincing as witing。多波长的余滴亮度亮度（带有视角$θ_ {\ rm obs}>θ_c$）提供可靠的方法来约束$ a $ a $ a $ a $ a，$ b $和外部密度径向配置文件（$ρ\ propto r^{ - k} $），即使在其他高度爆发的参数也可能仍然存在。我们将以前在此类次要上的工作扩展到包括从长和短GRB的三维流体动力学模拟得出的更逼真的角结构曲线（还解决具有浅角能谱的喷气机，其发射具有独特的进化）。我们根据我们的参数化幂律射流角剖面介绍余波Lightcurves，用于不同的视角$θ_ {\ rm obs} $和$ k = \ {0,1,1,2 \} $。我们确定了特征同步频率（$ν_m$和$ν_c$）的独特进化幂次阶段，该频率在灯泡以对流出的角结构敏感的敏感性主导时表现出来。当$θ_{c，γ} \neqθ_{c，ε} $时，我们计算在一般情况下在一般情况下获取单峰光弯曲的标准。我们强调了Lightcurve的形状以及$ν_M$和$ν_C$的时间演变如何来限制流出结构并有可能区分磁性和流体动力喷射。
The ultra-relativistic outflows powering gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) acquire angular structure through their interaction with external material. They are often characterized by a compact, nearly uniform narrow core (with half-opening angle $θ_{c,\{ε,Γ\}}$) surrounded by material with energy per unit solid angle ($ε=ε_cΘ_ε^{-a}$, where $Θ_{\{ε,Γ\}}=[1+θ^2/θ_{c,\{ε,Γ\}}^2]^{1/2}$) and initial specific kinetic energy ($Γ_0-1=[Γ_c-1]Θ_Γ^{-b}$) declining as power laws. Multi-wavelength afterglow lightcurves of off-axis jets (with viewing angle $θ_{\rm obs} > θ_c$) offer robust ways to constrain $a$, $b$ and the external density radial profile ($ρ\propto R^{-k}$), even while other burst parameters may remain highly degenerate. We extend our previous work on such afterglows to include more realistic angular structure profiles derived from three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of both long and short GRBs (addressing also jets with shallow angular energy profiles, whose emission exhibits unique evolution). We present afterglow lightcurves based on our parameterized power-law jet angular profiles for different viewing angles $θ_{\rm obs}$ and $k=\{0,1,2\}$. We identify a unique evolutionary power-law phase of the characteristic synchrotron frequencies ($ν_m$ and $ν_c$) that manifests when the lightcurve is dominated by emission sensitive to the angular structure of the outflow. We calculate the criterion for obtaining single or double peaked light-curves in the general case when $θ_{c,Γ}\neqθ_{c,ε}$. We emphasize how the shape of the lightcurve and the temporal evolution of $ν_m$ and $ν_c$ can be used to constrain the outflow structure and potentially distinguish between magnetic and hydrodynamic jets.
