论文标题
提议使用巨大的介电常数重复亚伯拉罕力实验
Proposal to repeat the Abraham force experiment using giant permittivity materials
论文作者
论文摘要
在宏观电动力学中的100多年的亚伯拉罕·米科夫斯基问题中，如何观察所谓的亚伯拉罕术语$ {\ bf f}^{\ rm a term} = [（\ \varrepsilonμ-1）/c^2]要点。近年来，在辐射光学元件中进行了许多精美的实验，但是这些实验通常没有提供有关亚伯拉罕术语的信息，因为该术语只是波动。因此，一个人对这种力的验证有些间接验证，就像1950年代琼斯{等}的辐射压力中，测试了浸入介电液体中的镜子上的辐射压力。现在，有一种不同的方法来测试$ {\ bf f}^{\ rm a term} $的存在，即使用低（准平台）的频率，使人们可以直接观察力的正弦变化。这些实验实际上是由Walker {\ it等人在1HE 1970年代完成的，使用Batio $ _3 $作为高频电介质（PERSTIMETITY $ \ VAREPSILON \ SIM 3600 $）。现在，近年来，出现了具有巨大介电的介电材料，订单为$ 10^5 $甚至更高。因此，自然要重新考虑Walker {\ it等}的想法，以测试是否可以促进此苛刻的实验并提供更好的准确性。这是本文的主要主题。这些实验的积极结果显然支持低频的亚伯拉罕能量量张量。 Minkowski张量根本无法预测扭矩。低频和高频制度在这种方式上是高度对比的，因为很明显，在光学实验中，Minkowski Tensor是迄今为止最简单，最方便的使用方法。我们通过评论Einstein-Laub Tensor（1908）在解释该实验时结束了这一说明，并还讨论了空气摩擦的影响。
In the more than 100 years-old Abraham-Minkowski problem in macroscopic electrodynamics, the issue of how to observe the so-called Abraham term ${\bf f}^{\rm Aterm} = [(\varepsilonμ-1)/c^2] \partial/\partial t ({\bf E}\times {\bf H})$ has been a main point. Recent years have seen a number of beautiful experiments in radiation optics, but these experiments usually give no information about the Abraham term as this term simply fluctuates out. So one is left with somewhat indirect verifications of this force, as in the radiation pressure of Jones {et al.} in the 1950's, testing the radiation pressure on a mirror immersed in a dielectric liquid. Now, there is a different way to test the existence of ${\bf f}^{ \rm Aterm}$, namely to work with low (quasi-stationary) frequencies enabling one to observe the sinusoidal variation of the force directly. These kind of experiments were actually done by Walker {\it et al.} in 1he 1970's, using BaTiO$_3$ as a high-frequency dielectric (permittivity $\varepsilon \sim 3600$). Now, in recent years there have appeared dielectric materials with giant permittivities, of order $10^5$ or even higher. It is therefore natural to consider the idea of Walker {\it et al.} anew, in order to test if this demanding experiment can be facilitated and give better accuracy. That is the main topic of the present paper. The positive outcome of these kinds of experiments clearly supports the Abraham energy-momentum tensor at low frequencies. The Minkowski tensor is unable to predict a torque at all. The low-frequency and the high-frequency regimes are in this way highly contrasted, as it is obvious that in optical experiments the Minkowski tensor is by far the simplest and most convenient one to use. We end this note by commenting upon the use of the Einstein-Laub tensor (1908) in explaining this experiment, and discuss also the influence from air friction.
