论文标题
使用VLT/浓缩咖啡看到的温暖Neptune GJ436B的极性轨道
The polar orbit of the warm Neptune GJ436b seen with VLT/ESPRESSO
论文作者
论文摘要
GJ436B可能是外部伴侣引起的晚期迁移的温暖海王星的原型。对此类系统的轨道结构的精确确定对于限制其动态历史并评估延迟迁移在系外行星种群中的作用至关重要。为此,我们使用三种不同的技术分析了GJ436 b的rossiter -mclaughlin(RM)信号 - 最近用浓缩咖啡观察到了。尽管M DWARF主机旋转缓慢(Vsini = 272.0+40.0.0-34.0 m/s),但径向速度(RV)测量的高度精确度使我们能够检测到与开普勒轨道的偏差,并测量了Sky-Progented倾斜的倾斜($λ$ = 102.5+17.5+17.5 $ 17.5 $^5.5.5.5.5 $^$)重新加载的RM技术允许分析沿着公交和弦的恒星RV场产生$λ$ = 107.5+23.6-19.3 $^$^{\ circ} $和vsini = 292.9+41.9-9-9-49.9 m/s/s。 RM革命技术使我们能够将所有行星培养区域的光谱曲线融合在一起,得益于$λ$ = 114.1+22.8-17.8 $^{\ circ} $和vsini = 300.5+45.9-9-57.0 m/s。这三种技术之间的一致结果,以及在HARPS/HARPS-N数据中发表的结果,确认了GJ436B的极性轨道,并支持其起源在于Kozai迁移的假设。浓缩咖啡,竖琴和HARPS-N数据集的联合RM革命分析的结果($λ$ = 113.5+23.3-17.3 $^{\ CRICC} $; VSINI = 293.5+43.7-52.2 m/s)与经过修订的Seltar倾斜($ i_ $ = 35.7+55.7+5.7+5.9-7)结合144.2+7.6-5.9 $^{\ circ} $)导致我们将3D斜率$ψ$限制为103.2+12.8-11.5 $^{\ circ} $。
GJ436b might be the prototype of warm Neptunes that have undergone late migration induced by an outer companion. Precise determination of the orbital architecture of such systems is critical to constraining their dynamical history and evaluating the role of delayed migration in the exoplanet population. To this purpose we analyzed the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) signal of GJ436 b in two transits - recently observed with ESPRESSO - using three different techniques. The high level of precision achieved in radial velocity (RV) measurements allows us to detect the deviation from the Keplerian orbit, despite the slow rotation of the M dwarf host (vsini = 272.0+40.0-34.0 m/s), and to measure the sky-projected obliquity ($λ$ = 102.5+17.2-18.5$^{\circ}$). The Reloaded RM technique, which allows the stellar RV field along the transit chord to be analyzed, yields $λ$ = 107.5+23.6-19.3$^{\circ}$ and vsini = 292.9+41.9-49.9 m/s. The RM Revolutions technique, which allows us to fit the spectral profiles from all planet-occulted regions together, yields $λ$ = 114.1+22.8-17.8$^{\circ}$ and vsini = 300.5+45.9-57.0 m/s. The consistent results between these three techniques, and with published results from HARPS/HARPS-N data, confirm the polar orbit of GJ436b and support the hypothesis that its origin lies in Kozai migration. Results from a joint RM Revolutions analysis of the ESPRESSO, HARPS, and HARPS-N datasets ($λ$ = 113.5+23.3-17.3$^{\circ}$; vsini = 293.5+43.7-52.2 m/s) combined with a revised stellar inclination ($i_\star$ = 35.7+5.9-7.6$^{\circ}$ or 144.2+7.6-5.9$^{\circ}$) lead us to constrain the 3D obliquity $Ψ$ to 103.2+12.8-11.5$^{\circ}$.