论文标题
银行沙漠，美国大型城市中的“城市规模和社会经济特征
Banking Deserts," City Size, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in Medium and Large U.S. Cities
论文作者
论文摘要
缺乏财务通道，这通常是美国许多中央城市社区的问题，可能与更高的利率以及负面的健康和心理成果有关。对“银行沙漠”的许多分析也发现，这些地区比城市其他地区贫穷，白色更少。虽然先前的研究检查了特定的城市，或者已经按人口密度对地区进行了分类，但迄今为止，尚无研究检查大量单个城市。这项研究探讨了319个人口大于100,000的城市，分离株区域，基于块质心的距离，每平方英里的隔离区域少于0.318个银行。这些“沙漠”的相对份额似乎独立于样本中的城市人口，这些股份与社会经济变量（例如贫困率或黑人居民百分比）之间几乎没有关系。一个合理的解释是，只有许多城市中最贫穷，最小白人群体的一部分才能归类为银行沙漠。因此，附近具有相似社会经济特征的块群是非探索的。在东北地区以外，非塞特地区往往比沙漠贫穷，这表明收入和贫困的社区可能不像通常假设的那样普遍。
A lack of financial access, which is often an issue in many central-city U.S. neighborhoods, can be linked to higher interest rates as well as negative health and psychological outcomes. A number of analyses of "banking deserts" have also found these areas to be poorer and less White than other parts of the city. While previous research has examined specific cities, or has classified areas by population densities, no study to date has examined a large set of individual cities. This study looks at 319 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 and isolates areas with fewer than 0.318 banks per square mile based on distances from block-group centroids. The relative shares of these "deserts" appears to be independent of city population across the sample, and there is little relationship between these shares and socioeconomic variables such as the poverty rate or the percentage of Black residents. One plausible explanation is that only a subset of many cities' poorest, least White block groups can be classified as banking deserts; nearby block groups with similar socioeconomic characteristics are therefore non-deserts. Outside of the Northeast, non-desert areas tend to be poorer than deserts, suggesting that income- and bank-poor neighborhoods might not be as prevalent as is commonly assumed.
