论文标题
倾斜的弗里德曼宇宙中的时间般的与无效的减速参数
Timelike vs null deceleration parameter in tilted Friedmann universes
论文作者
论文摘要
宇宙观察者之间交换的信息通常沿相关的光信号的空射线行驶。因此,可以分解给定辐射源沿这些无效的大地学的发光度距离,而不是发射/接收观察者的时间线。这样一来,一个人(除其他)获得了熟悉的哈勃和减速参数的无效对应物。尽管这些参数的时机和无效集合在精确的弗里德曼宇宙中重合,但它们在扰动的宇宙学模型中通常有所不同。这种情况变得更加参与倾斜的宇宙学,即配备了两个相对动人的观察者的家族。在那里,两个观察者组通常仅仅是因为它们的相对运动就不同意这些参数的值。假设有一个倾斜的弗里德曼(Friedmann)宇宙呈灰尘,我们发现单独的相对运动效应可以在局部将零减速参数的迹象从正面变为负面,而同时宿主宇宙在全球范围内正在减速。还报道了关于时间型减速参数的准确效应。不同之处在于,在无效情况下,相对运动的影响是强大的两倍,从而使毫无戒心的观察者更容易误解局部变化的减速参数的迹象,即最近的全球加速度。
Information exchanged between observers in the universe typically travels along the null rays of the associated light signals. One may therefore decompose the luminosity distance of a given radiation source along these null geodesics, instead of the timelike worldlines of the emitting/receiving observers. In so doing, one obtains (among others) the null counterparts of the familiar Hubble and deceleration parameters. Although the timelike and the null sets of these parameters coincide in an exact Friedmann universe, they generally differ in perturbed cosmological models. The situation becomes more involved in tilted cosmologies, namely in those equipped with two families of relatively moving observers. There, the two observer groups generally disagree on the values of these parameters, simply because of their relative motion. Assuming a tilted, perturbed Friedmann universe with dust, we find that the relative-motion effects alone can locally change the sign of the null deceleration parameter from positive to negative, while at the same time the host universe is globally decelerating. An exactly analogous effect has also been reported with regard to the timelike deceleration parameter. The difference is that, in the null case, the impact of the relative motion is twice as strong, thus making it easier for the unsuspecting observers to misinterpret a local change in the sign of the deceleration parameter as recent global acceleration.