论文标题
生物特征的进化速率的限制
Limits on the Evolutionary Rates of Biological Traits
论文作者
论文摘要
本文着重于生物进化的最大速度。我得出了限制自然选择，突变或遗传漂移驱动的进化过程速率的不平等。这些\ emph {速率限制}将人口的变异性与进化率联系起来。特别是，人口适应性和定量性状的高差异可以快速变化该特征的平均值。相比之下，低变异性使特征不太容易受到遗传漂移引起的随机变化。本文的结果将费舍尔的自然选择基本定理推广到允许突变和遗传漂移的动态定理，这是通过折衷关系来限制任意特征的进化速率。速率限制可用于在各种进化生物学和生态学设置中探测问题。例如，它们适用于在物种内部或跨物种内部或细菌菌株的进化中的特征动力学。它们适用于任何定量性状，例如从物种的重量到DNA链的长度。
This paper focuses on the maximum speed at which biological evolution can occur. I derive inequalities that limit the rate of evolutionary processes driven by natural selection, mutations, or genetic drift. These \emph{rate limits} link the variability in a population to evolutionary rates. In particular, high variances in the fitness of a population and of a quantitative trait allow for fast changes in the trait's average. In contrast, low variability makes a trait less susceptible to random changes due to genetic drift. The results in this article generalize Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection to dynamics that allow for mutations and genetic drift, via trade-off relations that constrain the evolutionary rates of arbitrary traits. The rate limits can be used to probe questions in various evolutionary biology and ecology settings. They apply, for instance, to trait dynamics within or across species or to the evolution of bacteria strains. They apply to any quantitative trait, e.g., from species' weights to the lengths of DNA strands.
