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We study the supersymmetric quantum dynamics of the cosmological models obtained by reducing $D=5$ supergravity to one timelike dimension. This consistent truncation has fourteen bosonic degrees of freedom, while the quantization of the homogeneous gravitino field leads to a $2^{16}$--dimensional fermionic Hilbert space. We construct a consistent quantization of the model in which the wave function of the Universe is a $2^{16}$--component spinor %\textcolor{red}{of Spin(24,8)} depending on fourteen continuous coordinates, which satisfies eight Dirac-like wave equations (supersymmetry constraints) and one Klein-Gordon-like equation (Hamiltonian constraint). The fermionic part of the quantum Hamiltonian is built from operators that generate a $2^{16}$-dimensional representation of the (infinite-dimensional) maximally compact sub-algebra $K(G_2^{++})$ of the rank-4 hyperbolic Kac--Moody algebra $G_2^{++}$. The (quartic-in-fermions) squared-mass term $\widehat μ^2$ entering the Klein-Gordon-like equation has several remarkable properties: (i) it commutes with the generators of $K(G_2^{++})$; and (ii) it is a quadratic polynomial in the fermion number $N_F \sim \overlineΨΨ$, and a symplectic fermion bilinear $C_F \sim ΨCΨ$. Some aspects of the structure of the solutions of our model are discussed, and notably the Kac-Moody meaning of the operators describing the reflection of the wave function on the fermion-dependent potential walls ("quantum fermionic Kac-Moody billiard").