论文标题
海洋细喷雾
The ocean fine spray
论文作者
论文摘要
大气气溶胶的很大一部分来自海洋喷雾，起源于破裂波的气泡破裂。提出了一个理论框架，该框架结合了胶卷和气泡破裂的喷气液滴的最新知识。假设它们的文物构成了通过多种物理化学途径的主要海洋气溶胶的最终起源，则可以将模型还原为单个控制参数，以预测海洋喷雾的全球概率密度分布（PDF）。海面上小气泡从约10微米到100微米的爆发和崩溃会产生极端的能量聚焦，并射出快速的液体喷口，其大小达到了气态环境的自由分子状态。在这些稀有条件下，模拟表明，该喷口产生了亚微米和纳米尺度液滴的喷射，其数量和速度可以远远超出任何先前的估计，并通过最近提出的较大替代机制来克服。单参数模型沿着五个数量级的喷雾尺寸从约5 nm到约0.5 mm拟合了非常出色的实验测量。根据这一提议，确定我们星球上生命的大多数气溶胶将在最新的倒塌瞬间在海洋表面的小子宫般的小爆发气泡中产生极其难以捉摸的诞生。
A major fraction of the atmospheric aerosols come from the ocean spray originated by the bursting of bubbles from breaking waves. A theoretical framework that incorporates the latest knowledge on film and jet droplets from bubble bursting is proposed. Assuming that their relics constitute the ultimate origin of primary and secondary sea aerosols through a diversity of physicochemical routes, the model can be reduced to a single controlling parameter to predict the global probability density distribution (pdf) of the ocean spray. The bursting and collapse of small bubbles on the sea surface from about 10 to 100 microns produces an extreme energy focusing and the ejection of a rapid liquid spout whose size reaches the free molecular regime of the gaseous environment. In these rarefied conditions, simulations show that this spout yields a jet of sub-micrometer and nanometric scale droplets whose number and speed can be far beyond any previous estimation, overcoming by orders of magnitude alternative mechanisms recently proposed. The one-parameter model fits remarkably well published experimental measurements along five orders of magnitude of spray size, from about 5 nm to about 0.5 mm. According to this proposal, the majority of aerosols determining the life on our planet would have their extremely elusive birth in the uterus-like nano-shape of small bursting bubbles on the ocean surface at the very latest instants of collapse.
