论文标题
Schwinger Pair的反馈在大量Qed中创建$ _2 $
Backreaction of Schwinger pair creation in massive QED$_2$
论文作者
论文摘要
粒子 - 抗粒子对可以通过背景电场通过雪松机构生产,只要它们不受约束。如果,如(3+1) - $ d $中的QED中这些粒子是巨大的,则颗粒的生产速率被指数抑制在阈值磁场强度以下。在这个阈值之上,配对创造的能量必须来自电场本身,最终应该放松到阈值强度。但是,很难以自谐的方式计算这种放松。 Chu和Vachaspati通过在二维中利用持续化,在无数Qed $ _2 $ [1]的电容器放电的背景下解决了这个问题。当裸露的费用是无质量的时,双重琼脂化理论是免费的,并且可以准确分析电容器放电[1],但是,鉴于该理论表现出限制,因此在解释中需要特殊护理。在本文中,我们重新解释了[1]的发现,其中电容器通过电中性偶极中性介体产生产生的施温格 - 释放,并将其推广到费米子具有裸露质量的情况下。至关重要的是,我们注意到,当电容器的初始电荷与费米子的电荷相比,$ q \ gg e $时,玻酮模型的经典运动方程式准确地表征了放电的动力学。对于无质量的QED $ _2 $,我们发现放电被抑制在临界板间隔以下,该板板分离与与介子偶极矩相关的长度比例相称。对于大量的Qed $ _2 $,我们还会发现,(3+1) - $ d $中熟悉的质量阈值,并显示电场放松到最终的稳定状态,与初始费用成正比。我们讨论了我们的发现的更广泛含义,并确定将这种处理范围扩展到更高维度的挑战。
Particle-antiparticle pairs can be produced by background electric fields via the Schwinger mechanism provided they are unconfined. If, as in QED in (3+1)-$d$ these particles are massive, the particle production rate is exponentially suppressed below a threshold field strength. Above this threshold, the energy for pair creation must come from the electric field itself which ought to eventually relax to the threshold strength. Calculating this relaxation in a self-consistent manner, however, is difficult. Chu and Vachaspati addressed this problem in the context of capacitor discharge in massless QED$_2$ [1] by utilizing bosonization in two-dimensions. When the bare fermions are massless, the dual bosonized theory is free and capacitor discharge can be analyzed exactly [1], however, special care is required in its interpretation given that the theory exhibits confinement. In this paper we reinterpret the findings of [1], where the capacitors Schwinger-discharge via electrically neutral dipolar meson-production, and generalize this to the case where the fermions have bare masses. Crucially, we note that when the initial charge of the capacitor is large compared to the charge of the fermions, $Q \gg e$, the classical equation of motion for the bosonized model accurately characterizes the dynamics of discharge. For massless QED$_2$, we find that the discharge is suppressed below a critical plate separation that is commensurate with the length scale associated with the meson dipole moment. For massive QED$_2$, we find in addition, a mass threshold familiar from (3+1)-$d$, and show the electric field relaxes to a final steady state with a magnitude proportional to the initial charge. We discuss the wider implications of our findings and identify challenges in extending this treatment to higher dimensions.