论文标题
可变可再生能源和电力存储的经济学
The Economics of Variable Renewables and Electricity Storage
论文作者
论文摘要
电力部门的转化是向脱碳经济过渡的主要要素。由化石燃料提供动力的传统发电机必须由可变的可再生能源（VRE）来代替，并结合电力存储和其他提供时间灵活性的选项。我们讨论了增加VRE渗透率及其在电力系统中的整合的市场动态。我们描述了绩效效应（随着VRE渗透率的增加，批发电价下降）和蚕丝化效应（随着渗透率的增加，VRE值的下降）。我们进一步审查了电力存储和其他灵活性选项的作用，以集成可变的可再生能源，以及存储如何有助于缓解这两个效果。我们还使用风格化的开源模型来为此提供一些图形直觉。虽然VRE的股份相对较高，可以通过中等数量的电力存储来实现，但随着VRE份额接近100％，长期存储的作用会增加。
The transformation of the electricity sector is a main element of the transition to a decarbonized economy. Conventional generators powered by fossil fuels have to be replaced by variable renewable energy (VRE) sources in combination with electricity storage and other options for providing temporal flexibility. We discuss the market dynamics of increasing VRE penetration and their integration in the electricity system. We describe the merit-order effect (decline of wholesale electricity prices as VRE penetration increases) and the cannibalization effect (decline of VRE value as their penetration increases). We further review the role of electricity storage and other flexibility options for integrating variable renewables, and how storage can contribute to mitigating the two mentioned effects. We also use a stylized open-source model to provide some graphical intuition on this. While relatively high shares of VRE are achievable with moderate amounts of electricity storage, the role of long-term storage increases as the VRE share approaches 100%.
