论文标题
负票，使政治去极化
Negative votes to depolarize politics
论文作者
论文摘要
围绕2020年美国总统大选的争议无疑引起了人们对当前投票制度代表人民意志的效率的严重关注。天真的多元化投票是否适合极度两极分化的政治环境？替代投票计划正在逐渐获得公众支持，其中选民对自己的选择进行排名，而不仅仅是为他们的首选投票。但是，他们并没有捕捉到选民偏好的某些关键方面，例如不赞成和对候选人的负面影响。我认为这些未表现的负面性是政治中两极分化的主要来源。我提出了一个具有明确表达这些负面偏好的投票方案，以便我们可以同时破译每个候选人的受欢迎程度和极性。获胜者是通过最受欢迎和最不相关的候选人之间的最佳权衡取消的。通过对候选人的两极分化进行惩罚，我们可以阻止分裂的运动修辞学，并为潜在的第三方候选人铺平道路。
The controversies around the 2020 US presidential elections certainly casts serious concerns on the efficiency of the current voting system in representing the people's will. Is the naive Plurality voting suitable in an extremely polarized political environment? Alternate voting schemes are gradually gaining public support, wherein the voters rank their choices instead of just voting for their first preference. However they do not capture certain crucial aspects of voter preferences like disapprovals and negativities against candidates. I argue that these unexpressed negativities are the predominant source of polarization in politics. I propose a voting scheme with an explicit expression of these negative preferences, so that we can simultaneously decipher the popularity as well as the polarity of each candidate. The winner is picked by an optimal tradeoff between the most popular and the least polarizing candidate. By penalizing the candidates for their polarization, we can discourage the divisive campaign rhetorics and pave way for potential third party candidates.
