论文标题

季节性强度和突然性对捕食者捕集动力学的影响

The effect of seasonal strength and abruptness on predator-prey dynamics

论文作者

Sauve, Alix M. C., Taylor, Rachel A., Barraquand, Frédéric

论文摘要

众所周知,生态学中的耦合动力学系统可以响应其参数的季节性强迫,这些参数具有多种动力学行为,从季节性周期到混乱。季节性强迫主要以正弦波为模型,但季节之间的过渡通常更突然。一些研究提到了其结果的鲁棒性,即强迫信号的形状,而无需详细分析。因此,季节性强迫的形状是否以及如何影响耦合动力学系统的动力学尚不清楚,而突然的季节性转变在生态系统中广泛存在。为了提供一些答案,我们通过探索季节性强迫的两个特征的关节效应:信号的大小是经典的,这是唯一的研究和信号的形状,突然,突然的,突然的信号形状,对捕食者群落对强迫信号的形状的动态响应进行数值分析。我们考虑线性和饱和功能响应,并专注于捕食者发现率的季节性强迫,这随着环境条件的变化和猎物的逃避捕食能力而波动。我们的数值结果凸显了更突然的季节性迫使大多改变人口波动和触发周期的幅度 - 分叉倍增,以及混乱的出现,而混乱的出现在较低的强度强度下,而不是正弦波。控制强迫信号的差异会减轻这种趋势,但并未完全抑制它,这表明差异不是季节性强迫形状的唯一特征,该特征是对社区动态的作用。尽管理论研究可以正确预测使用正弦波作为季节性的分叉序列,但应用研究的基本原理可以使尽可能逼真的季节性强迫实施,以对社区动态进行精确的预测。

Coupled dynamical systems in ecology are known to respond to the seasonal forcing of their parameters with multiple dynamical behaviours, ranging from seasonal cycles to chaos. Seasonal forcing is predominantly modelled as a sine wave but the transition between seasons is often more sudden. Some studies mentioned the robustness of their results to the shape of the forcing signal, without detailed analyses. Therefore, whether and how the shape of seasonal forcing affects the dynamics of coupled dynamical systems remains unclear, while abrupt seasonal transitions are widespread in ecological systems. To provide some answers, we conduct a numerical analysis of the dynamical response of predator--prey communities to the shape of the forcing signal by exploring the joint effect of two features of seasonal forcing: the magnitude of the signal, which is classically the only one studied, and the shape of the signal, abrupt or sinusoidal. We consider both linear and saturating functional responses, and focus on seasonal forcing of the predator's discovery rate, which fluctuates with changing environmental conditions and prey's ability to escape predation. Our numerical results highlight that a more abrupt seasonal forcing mostly alters the magnitude of population fluctuations and triggers period--doubling bifurcations, as well as the emergence of chaos, at lower forcing strength than for sine waves. Controlling the variance of the forcing signal mitigates this trend but does not fully suppress it, which suggests that the variance is not the only feature of the shape of seasonal forcing that acts on community dynamics. Although theoretical studies may predict correctly the sequence of bifurcations using sine waves as a representation of seasonality, there is a rationale for applied studies to implement as realistic seasonal forcing as possible to make precise predictions of community dynamics.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源