论文标题

贝叶斯说服在事前和事后约束下

Bayesian Persuasion under Ex Ante and Ex Post Constraints

论文作者

Babichenko, Yakov, Talgam-Cohen, Inbal, Zabarnyi, Konstantin

论文摘要

贝叶斯说服是对战略代理商之间信息共享政策的研究。一个典型的例子是在线广告拍卖中发出信号:在向广告商出售向她做广告时,平台向广告商发出哪些信息?实际考虑因素,例如防止歧视,保护隐私或承认信息接收器的有限关注对信息共享施加限制。在这项工作中,我们提出并分析了一种简单的方法,以数学上的限制对接收者的后验信念进行限制。 我们考虑了两个约束家庭 - 事前和事件,后者限制了发送者接收者通讯的每个实例,而前一般家庭也可以在预期中构成限制。对于事前家族,Doval和Skreta建立了具有少量信号的最佳信号传导方案的存在 - 最多最多的约束数量以及自然的状态数量;我们证明了这个结果很紧,并为其提供了替代证明。对于Ex Post系列,我们收紧了Vølund的界限,表明所需的信号数量最多是自然的数量,就像原始的Kamenica-Gentzkow设置一样。作为我们的主要算法结果,我们为假设恒定数量的状态提供了最佳约束信号传导方案的添加剂双标准FPTA。我们在类似Slater的规律性条件下改善了对单标准的近似值。 FPTA在标准假设下持有;放松的假设产生PTA。最后,我们绑定了在凸面前约束下的发件人最佳实用程序与相应的EX POST约束之间的比率。该结合适用于在AD Auctions中找到近似福利最大的约束信号传导方案。

Bayesian persuasion is the study of information sharing policies among strategic agents. A prime example is signaling in online ad auctions: what information should a platform signal to an advertiser regarding a user when selling the opportunity to advertise to her? Practical considerations such as preventing discrimination, protecting privacy or acknowledging limited attention of the information receiver impose constraints on information sharing. In this work, we propose and analyze a simple way to mathematically model such constraints as restrictions on Receiver's admissible posterior beliefs. We consider two families of constraints - ex ante and ex post, where the latter limits each instance of Sender-Receiver communication, while the former more general family can also pose restrictions in expectation. For the ex ante family, Doval and Skreta establish the existence of an optimal signaling scheme with a small number of signals - at most the number of constraints plus the number of states of nature; we show this result is tight and provide an alternative proof for it. For the ex post family, we tighten a bound of Vølund, showing that the required number of signals is at most the number of states of nature, as in the original Kamenica-Gentzkow setting. As our main algorithmic result, we provide an additive bi-criteria FPTAS for an optimal constrained signaling scheme assuming a constant number of states; we improve the approximation to single-criteria under a Slater-like regularity condition. The FPTAS holds under standard assumptions; relaxed assumptions yield a PTAS. Finally, we bound the ratio between Sender's optimal utility under convex ex ante constraints and the corresponding ex post constraints. This bound applies to finding an approximately welfare-maximizing constrained signaling scheme in ad auctions.

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