论文标题
重力波作为大爆炸温度计
Gravitational Waves as a Big Bang Thermometer
论文作者
论文摘要
早期宇宙中热血浆中产生的随机重力波有保证的背景。它的每个对数频率间隔尺度的能量密度与最高温度$ t _ {\ rm max} $，原始等离子体在标准热爆炸时代开始时获得。 It peaks in the microwave range, at around $80\,{\rm GHz}\,[106.75/g_{*s}(T_{\rm max})]^{1/3}$, where $g_{*s}(T_{\rm max})$ is the effective number of entropy degrees of freedom in the primordial plasma at $ t _ {\ rm max} $。我们为通用模型提供了这种宇宙引力微波背景（CGMB）的最新预测，并对标准模型（SM）以及其几种扩展的情况进行计算。在最小扩展方面，我们考虑了中微子最小SM（$ν$ MSM）和SM -Axion -Seesaw -Higgs Portal通胀模型（SMASH），该模型（SMASH）提供了完整而一致的宇宙学历史，包括通货膨胀。作为SM非最小扩展的一个示例，我们考虑了最小的超对称标准模型（MSSM）。此外，我们讨论了当前的上限和前景，以检测实验室实验中的CGMB，从而测量最高温度以及在热爆炸开始时的有效自由度。
There is a guaranteed background of stochastic gravitational waves produced in the thermal plasma in the early universe. Its energy density per logarithmic frequency interval scales with the maximum temperature $T_{\rm max}$ which the primordial plasma attained at the beginning of the standard hot big bang era. It peaks in the microwave range, at around $80\,{\rm GHz}\,[106.75/g_{*s}(T_{\rm max})]^{1/3}$, where $g_{*s}(T_{\rm max})$ is the effective number of entropy degrees of freedom in the primordial plasma at $T_{\rm max}$. We present a state-of-the-art prediction of this Cosmic Gravitational Microwave Background (CGMB) for general models, and carry out calculations for the case of the Standard Model (SM) as well as for several of its extensions. On the side of minimal extensions we consider the Neutrino Minimal SM ($ν$MSM) and the SM - Axion - Seesaw - Higgs portal inflation model (SMASH), which provide a complete and consistent cosmological history including inflation. As an example of a non-minimal extension of the SM we consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Furthermore, we discuss the current upper limits and the prospects to detect the CGMB in laboratory experiments and thus measure the maximum temperature and the effective number of degrees of freedom at the beginning of the hot big bang.
