论文标题
Starlink Leo Darksat卫星的光学到连尺度的测量和黑暗处理的有效性
Optical-to-NIR magnitude measurements of the Starlink LEO Darksat satellite and effectiveness of the darkening treatment
论文作者
论文摘要
Starlink的Leo通讯卫星Darksat和Starlink-1113的四个观察在两个晚上用两个望远镜进行了观察。 Ckoirama天文台（辣椒）的Chakana 0.6 \，M望远镜分别使用Sloan R'和Sloan i'和Sloan I'过滤器观察到5 \，Mar \，2020（UTC）和7 \，Mar \，2020（UTC）的两个卫星。 ESO Vista 4.1 \，M望远镜，带有VIRCAM仪器在5 \，MAR \，2020（UTC）和7 \，MAR \，2020（UTC）上观察到两个卫星，分别在NIR J-Band和KS频段中。暗果图像的校准，图像处理和分析给出了r \，$ \，大约5.6 \，mag，i \，$ \，$ \ $ \ $ \，5.0 \，5.0 \，mag，j \，$ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \，4.2 \，4.2 \，mag and mag and mag＆ks \，$ \ $ \，$ \ $ \，4.0 $ \，ag y mag y mag，aig a mag，sigry n scip k.并校正了太阳发生率和观察者相角。 In comparison, the STARLINK-1113 images give r\,$\approx$\,4.9\,mag, i\,$\approx$\,4.4\,mag, J\,$\approx$\,3.8\,mag, and Ks\,$\approx$\,3.6\,mag when corrected for range, solar incidence, and observer phase angles.这项工作中提供的数据和结果表明，Starlink用于Darksat使用的特殊暗涂层使Sloan R'A幅度变暗了50 \，\％，Sloan I'幅度的幅度为42 \，\％，NIR J的幅度为32 \，\％和NIR KS幅度，且nir Ks幅度由28 \，\，\％。结果表明，两颗卫星随着波长的增加而增加反射亮度，并且在更长的波长下，变黑处理的有效性降低。这表明Starlink和其他LEO卫星操作员开发的缓解策略需要考虑其他波长，而不仅仅是光学。这项工作强调了获得许多不同LEO卫星的多波长观察的持续重要性，以表征其反思性特性，并帮助社区开发影响模拟和开发缓解工具。
Four observations of Starlink's LEO communication satellites, Darksat and STARLINK-1113, were conducted on two nights with two telescopes. The Chakana 0.6\,m telescope at the Ckoirama observatory (Chile) observed both satellites on 5\,Mar\,2020 (UTC) and 7\,Mar\,2020 (UTC) using a Sloan r' and Sloan i' filter, respectively. The ESO VISTA 4.1\,m telescope with the VIRCAM instrument observed both satellites on 5\,Mar\,2020 (UTC) and 7\,Mar\,2020 (UTC) in the NIR J-band and Ks-band, respectively. The calibration, image processing, and analysis of the Darksat images give r\,$\approx$\,5.6\,mag, i\,$\approx$\,5.0\,mag, J\,$\approx$\,4.2\,mag, and Ks\,$\approx$\,4.0\,mag when scaled to a range of 550\,km (airmass $=1$) and corrected for the solar incidence and observer phase angles. In comparison, the STARLINK-1113 images give r\,$\approx$\,4.9\,mag, i\,$\approx$\,4.4\,mag, J\,$\approx$\,3.8\,mag, and Ks\,$\approx$\,3.6\,mag when corrected for range, solar incidence, and observer phase angles. The data and results presented in this work show that the special darkening coating used by Starlink for Darksat has darkened the Sloan r' magnitude by 50\,\%, Sloan i' magnitude by 42\,\%, NIR J magnitude by 32\,\%, and NIR Ks magnitude by 28\,\%. The results show that both satellites increase in reflective brightness with increasing wavelength and that the effectiveness of the darkening treatment is reduced at longer wavelengths. This shows that the mitigation strategies being developed by Starlink and other LEO satellite operators need to take into account other wavelengths, not just the optical. This work highlights the continued importance of obtaining multi-wavelength observations of many different LEO satellites in order to characterise their reflective properties and to aid the community in developing impact simulations and developing mitigation tools.
