论文标题
球形簇作为星系簇中矮人的暗物质含量的示踪剂
Globular clusters as tracers of the dark matter content of dwarfs in galaxy clusters
论文作者
论文摘要
球状簇(GC)通常用于估计缺乏其他运动示踪剂的星系的暗物质含量,尤其是矮人。这些估计值通常假设球形对称性和动力学平衡,这对于星系簇中的矮人的稀疏矮人种群可能不存在。我们使用标记在Illustris模拟上的GC的目录来研究基于GC的质量估计的准确性。我们专注于恒星质量范围中的星系10 $^{8} -10^{11.8} $ M $ _ {\ odot} $,以$ 9 $模拟的处女座状群集确定。我们的结果表明,在具有GC数字$ n _ {\ rm GC} \ GEQ 10 $的系统中,质量估计平均是非常准确的,而单个GC视线的不确定性小于推断的速度分散剂的不确定性,而$σ_{\ rm gc} $。但是,如果$ n _ {\ rm gc} \ leq 10 $,则可能会导致偏差,这取决于如何计算$σ_ {\ rm gc} $。我们提供的校准可能有助于减轻文献中广泛使用的方法中这些偏见。作为一个应用程序,我们找到了许多矮人,其中有$ m _ {*} \ sim 10^{8.5} \,m _ {\ odot} $(可与超级辐射的Galaxy df2相媲美,值得注意的$ 10 $ gcs $ gcs $ gc} $ gc} $ gc { \ rm km \ rm s^{ - 1} $。这些DF2类似物对应于相对较大的系统($ M_ {200} \ sim 1 $ - $ 3 \ times 10^{11} $ $ $ M _ {\ odot} $),后者仅保留了$ 3 $ - $ 17 $ GC,并且被剥夺了超过95 $ \%$ $ $ $ $ $ $的$ \%。我们的结果表明,正常矮星系中的极端潮汐质量损失可能是诸如DF2之类的超底型物体的可能地层通道。
Globular clusters (GCs) are often used to estimate the dark matter content of galaxies, especially dwarfs, where other kinematic tracers are lacking. These estimates typically assume spherical symmetry and dynamical equilibrium, assumptions that may not hold for the sparse GC population of dwarfs in galaxy clusters. We use a catalog of GCs tagged onto the Illustris simulation to study the accuracy of GC-based mass estimates. We focus on galaxies in the stellar mass range 10$^{8} - 10^{11.8}$ M$_{\odot}$ identified in $9$ simulated Virgo-like clusters. Our results indicate that mass estimates are, on average, quite accurate in systems with GC numbers $N_{\rm GC} \geq 10$ and where the uncertainty of individual GC line-of-sight velocities is smaller than the inferred velocity dispersion, $σ_{\rm GC}$. In cases where $N_{\rm GC} \leq 10$, however, biases may result depending on how $σ_{\rm GC}$ is computed. We provide calibrations that may help alleviate these biases in methods widely used in the literature. As an application, we find a number of dwarfs with $M_{*} \sim 10^{8.5}\, M_{\odot}$ (comparable to the ultradiffuse galaxy DF2, notable for the low $σ_{GC}$ of its $10$ GCs) with $σ_{\rm GC} \sim 7$ - $15\; \rm km \rm s^{-1}$. These DF2 analogs correspond to relatively massive systems at their infall time ($M_{200} \sim 1$ - $3 \times 10^{11}$ $M_{\odot}$) which have retained only $3$-$17$ GCs and have been stripped of more than 95$\%$ of their dark matter. Our results suggest that extreme tidal mass loss in otherwise normal dwarf galaxies may be a possible formation channel for ultradiffuse objects like DF2.