论文标题
半波浪,行驶波和传播速度,用于具有非局部扩散和自由边界的单个合作系统
Semi-wave, traveling wave and spreading speed for monostable cooperative systems with nonlocal diffusion and free boundaries
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑一类具有一个空间维度的自由边界的合作反应扩散系统,其中扩散项是非本地的,由涉及合适内核函数的积分运算符给出,并且不允许它们出现在系统中的某些方程中。这个问题本质上是可以单位的,类似于众所周知的Fisher-KPP方程。这样的系统涵盖了数学生物学产生的各种模型,而Fisher-kpp方程是最简单的特殊情况,其中已知“扩散变化”二分法可以控制长时间的动态行为。除标量案例外,对于此类系统,扩散速度的问题是广泛开放的。在本文中,我们开发了一种系统的方法来确定系统的扩散曲线,并在内核函数上获得阈值条件,该函数确切地决定何时散布的速度有限或无限速度(加速扩散)。这取决于对相关的半波和行进波的完全完整的理解。当扩散速度是有限的时,我们表明速度由特定的半波确定,并获得半波轮廓和扩散速度的尖锐估计。对于$ | x |^{ - γ} $表现的内核函数,我们能够更好地估算有限速度案例的传播速度和无限速度案例,即使是对于这种自由边界问题的第一个,即使是对于特殊Fisher-KPP方程,这似乎是第一个出现的。
We consider a class of cooperative reaction-diffusion systems with free boundaries in one space dimension, where the diffusion terms are nonlocal, given by integral operators involving suitable kernel functions, and they are allowed not to appear in some of the equations in the system. The problem is monostable in nature, resembling the well known Fisher-KPP equation. Such a system covers various models arising from mathematical biology, with the Fisher-KPP equation as the simplest special case, where a "spreading-vanishing" dichotomy is known to govern the long time dynamical behaviour. The question of spreading speed is widely open for such systems except for the scalar case. In this paper, we develop a systematic approach to determine the spreading profile of the system, and obtain threshold conditions on the kernel functions which decide exactly when the spreading has finite speed, or infinite speed (accelerated spreading). This relies on a rather complete understanding of both the associated semi-waves and traveling waves. When the spreading speed is finite, we show that the speed is determined by a particular semi-wave, and obtain sharp estimates of the semi-wave profile and the spreading speed. For kernel functions that behave like $|x|^{-γ}$ near infinity, we are able to obtain better estimates of the spreading speed for both the finite speed case, and the infinite speed case, which appear to be the first for this kind of free boundary problems, even for the special Fisher-KPP equation.