论文标题
学校的凝聚力，速度和效率是由游泳者拍打的调节
School cohesion, speed, and efficiency are modulated by the swimmers flapping motion
论文作者
论文摘要
鱼学校在海洋生物中无处不在。尽管人们认为流动相互作用对教育是有益的，但它们对小组的速度，能量和稳定性的确切影响仍然难以捉摸。最近的实验表明，流相互作用稳定了铝箔的倾向形成。在这里，我们提出了一种基于涡旋模型的最小方法，该方法捕获了拍打游泳者之间流动相互作用的显着特征，并且我们研究了一对以相同的隆起或投球运动驱动的一对在线游泳者的免费游泳。我们发现，与拍打模式无关，追随者在领导者之后在离散位置被动稳定，这与铝箔实验一致，但是投球游泳者表现出更紧密而更具凝聚力的地层。此外，与单独游泳相比，投球运动提高了小组的能量效率，同时增加动作会导致游泳速度略有提高。这些结果回顾了流动相互作用提供了一种被动的机制，可以促进学校的凝聚力，并为拍打模式在控制学校的新兴特性中的作用提供新的见解。
Fish schools are ubiquitous in marine life. Although flow interactions are thought to be beneficial for schooling, their exact effects on the speed, energetics, and stability of the group remain elusive. Recent experiments suggest that flow interactions stabilize in-tandem formations of heaving foils. Here, we propose a minimal approach based on the vortex sheet model that captures salient features of the flow interactions among flapping swimmers, and we study the free swimming of a pair of in-line swimmers driven with identical heaving or pitching motions. We find that, independent of the flapping mode, the follower passively stabilizes at discrete locations in the wake of the leader, consistent with the heaving foil experiments, but pitching swimmers exhibit tighter and more cohesive formations. Further, in comparison to swimming alone, pitching motions increase the energetic efficiency of the group while heaving motions result in a slight increase in the swimming speed. These results recapitulate that flow interactions provide a passive mechanism that promotes school cohesion, and provide novel insight into the role of the flapping mode in controlling the emergent properties of the school.
